Hypo/hypercalcaemia

Question 1

Three symptoms of hypocalcaemia?

Answer 1

Spasms
Anxious
Seizures
Dermatitis
Cardiomyopathy
Confusion

CATS- convulsions, arrhythmia, tetanus, stridor+spasms

Question 2

Most common cause of hypocalcaemia?

Answer 2

Chronic renal failure

Question 3

Patient has hypocalcaemia and high PO4. Name two potential causes

Answer 3

CKD
Hypoparathyroidism
Rhabdo

Question 4

Patient has hypocalcaemia with low PO4. Name one potential cause

Answer 4

osteomalacia
active pancreatitis
respiratory alkalosis

Question 5

Four clinical features of hypercalcaemia?

Answer 5

moans, stones, groans, bones

Question 6

Patient with hypercalcaemia and raised phosphate. Name one cause?

Answer 6

bone mets
myeloma
sarcoidosis
thyrotoxicosis

Question 7

Patient with hypercalcaemia and low PO4. One cause?

Answer 7

primary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism

paraneoplastic

Question 8

Two most common causes of hypercalcaemia?

Answer 8

malignancy and primary HPT

Question 9

Two treatments for hypercalcaemia?

Answer 9

treat underlying causes
rehydration
furosemide
biphosphonates

Question 10

First line treatment for hypercalcaemia?

Answer 10

IV fluid