Hyperparathyroidism

Question 1

Two physiological effects of PTH?

Answer 1

 ↑osteoclast activity
 ↑Ca 2+ and ↓PO 4 reabsorption in kidney
 ↑ 1α-hydroxylation of 25OH-Vit D 3

Question 2

What are four aspects of hyperparathyroidism presentation?

Answer 2

Symptoms of hypercalcaemia
Stones- renal stones
Bones- bone pain
Moans- depression
Groans- abdo pain, N/V

Question 3

Two causes of primary hyperparathyroidism?

Answer 3

adenoma
hyperplasia
parathyroid Ca

Question 4

What is the most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism?

Answer 4

solitary adenoma

Question 5

Three investigations for primary hyperparathyroidism?

Answer 5

Serum calcium, PTH, ALP, PO4
ECG- reduced QTc
X-ray- osteitis changes
DEXA- osteoporosis

Question 6

Management of primary hyperparathyoidism?

Answer 6

increase fluid intake
avoid calcium in diet
Excision of adenoma

Question 7

Two causes of secondary hyperparathyroidism?

Answer 7

vitamin D deficiency

Chronic renal failure

Question 8

Four symptoms in presentation of hypoparathyroidism?

Answer 8

Hypocalcaemia features
Spasms
Anxious
Seizures
Confusion
Dermatitis
Cardiomyopathy

Question 9

Three causes of hypoparathyroidism?

Answer 9

autoimmune
congenital
iatrogenic- surgery/radiation

Question 10

Congenital cause of hypoparathyroidism?

Answer 10

DiGeorge

Question 11

Treatment for hypercalcaemia?

Answer 11

Calcitonin
Calcimimetic
Glucocorticoid?