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Pharmacology > Hypertensive Drugs > Flashcards

Hypertensive Drugs Flashcards

0
Q

Thiazide diuretic, that inhibits Na/Cl trransporter in distal convoluted tubule. First line for hypertension

A

Hydrochlorothiazide - SIMD: Metolazone, Indapamide; decrease Bp by 10-15mmHg

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1
Q

Hypertensive patient with no comorbidities, what would be the bp goal of this patient?

A

Co comorbidities <130/80

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2
Q

Feature of a Thiazide toxicity

A

HYPER GLUC - hyperGlycemia, hyperLipidemia, hyperUricemia and hyperCalcemia

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3
Q

Loop diuretics that inhibits Na/K/2Cl transporter in thick ascending limb of Henle. Powerful diuresis and increase Ca excretion

A

Furosemide - SE: hypokalemic metabolic acidosis

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4
Q

MOA of Clonidine and Methyldopa as CNS sympathetic outflow blockers

A

Activates a2 adrenergic receptors, decrease central sympathetic outflow

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5
Q

SIMD of Hexamethonium an obsolete hypertensive drug

A

Trimethaphan - ganglionic blocker

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6
Q

Nerve terminal blocker that irreversibly blocks the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) used as an obsolete hypertensive agent

A

Reserpine - SIMD: Guanethidine; causes suicidal ideation

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7
Q

Vasodilator, used for hypertension, heart failure and pre-eclampsia. May caused drug-induced lupus

A

Hydralazine - alters intracellular Ca metabolism thus relaxes arteriolar smooth muscle

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8
Q

Medications that may cause drug-induced lupus

A

HIPP - Hydralazine, Isoniazid, Procainamide, Penicillamine

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9
Q

Vasodilator, specific for arterioles decreasing afterload. Opens K+ channels in vascular smooth muscle, causing hyperpolarization thus relaxation and vasodilatation.

A

Minoxidil

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10
Q

Notable side effect of Minoxidil

A

Hypertrichosis - it stimulates hair follicle at telogen phase to differentiate into growth follicles, anagen phase

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11
Q

Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, used for angina, migraine and hypertension, SE: gingival hyperplasia, heart failure

A

Verapamil / Diltiazem - block voltage-gated L-Type calcium channels

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12
Q

Dihydropyridine, calcium channel blocker which has more effect on vascular than cardiac used for angina and hypertension

A

Nifedipine - SIMD: Amlodipine, Nicardipine, Felodipine

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13
Q

Parenteral vasodilator, for hypertensive emergency, acute heart failure, cardiogenic shock

A

Nitroprusside - SE: cyanide toxicity

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14
Q

Dopamine agonist used as parenteral vaodilator for hypertensive emergency by causing arteriolar vasodilation of both afferent/efferent arterioles.

A

Fenoldopam

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15
Q

True/False: ACE-Is/ARBs reduce aldosterone levels and cause potassium retention hence results to hyperkalemia

A

True

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17
Q

ACE inhibitor for hypertension, heart failure, post-MI, diabetic nephropathy. Increases survival in heart failure, delays progression of diabetic nephropathy

A

Captopril - SIMD: Enalapril, Quinapril etc.

18
Q

Management for malignant hypertension:

A

Vasodilators: nitroprusside, fenoldopam or diazoxide combined with diuretics (furosemide) and beta-blockers to lower bp to 140-160/90-110

19
Q

Antidote for cyanide poisoning

A

Inhaled amyl nitrite + IV sodium nitrite + IV sodium thiosulfate

20
Q

ARB - used fir hypertension, heart failure and diabetic nephropathy. It blocks Angiotensin (AT1 receptor) in vascular smooth muscle. Dec aldosterone

A

Losartan - SIMD: Candesartan, Telmisartan, Irbesartan

21
Q

Angina can be corrected in two ways

A

A. Increasing oxygen delivery

B. Reducing oxygen requirement

23
Q

Angina of effort or classic angina, associated with atheromatous plaques that partially occlude 1 or more coronary arteries

A

Atherosclerotic Angina - 90% of angina cases

24
Q

Creasendo angina, immediate precursor of myocardial infarction

A

Unstable angina

25
Q

disease due to occupational exposure to nitrates alternating development of tolerance

A

Monday disease

28
Q

Ultrashort- acting nitrate, used in cyanide poisoning with methemoglobinemia as one of the side effects.

A

Amyl nitrite

29
Q

Short-acting nitrate, used for angina and acute coronary syndrome which may develop dangerous hypotension with PDE inhibitors

A

Nitroglycerin - releases nitric oxide, increases cGMP and relaxes smooth muscles

30
Q

Why do patients taking nitrates usually experience throbbing headaches?

A

Due to meningeal artery vasodilation

31
Q

Dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker used for angina and hypertension ( vascular>cardiac)

A

Nifedipine - SIMD: Amlodipine, Nicardipine

32
Q

Drugs that causes gingival hyperplasia?

A

Nifedipine, Cyclosporine, Phenytoin, Verapamil

33
Q

Current evidence: acute heart failure should be treated with ____ diuretics.

A

Loop diuretics

34
Q

Type of heart failure that present with orthopnea, PND, pulmonary congestion

A

Left heart failure

35
Q

Type of heart failure that presents with hepatomegaly, edema, engorged neck veins

A

Right heart failure

36
Q

Cardiac glycoside used for heart failure and nodal arrhythmias. It has a narrow therapeutic index

A

Digoxin - inhibits Na/K ATPase, increasing intracellular Ca, increaing cardia contractility

37
Q

Drugs with narrow therapeutic index

A

Warfarin, aminoglycosides, lithium, amphotericin B, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, vancomycin, theophylline, digoxin

38
Q

First line therapy for both systolic and diastolic failure

A

Diuretics

39
Q

Have a significant long term benefits and can reduce mortality in chronic failure

A

Spironolactone and Eplerenone

40
Q

It is the first line drugs for chronic heart failure

A

Angiotensin antagonist - ARBs have the same benefits with ACE inhibitors

41
Q

Vasodilators that has been shown to reduce mortality in african americans

A

Hydralazine and Isosorbide dinitrates

43
Q

Portion of ETC affected by cyanide

A

Complex IV (cytochrome oxidase)

44
Q

Refers ti accelerated form of severe hypertension associated with rising blood pressure and rapidly progressing end-organ damage

A

Malignant hypertension

46
Q

Rest angina, variant angina or Prinzmetal’s angina, involves reversible spasm of coronaries, usually at site of plaques

A

Vasospastic angina - 10% of cases

47
Q

Renin antagonist that inhibits conversion of angiotensinon to angiotensin I. For hypertension

A

Aliskiren

Pharmacology (11 decks)

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