Hypertensive Crises Flashcards
1
Q
Sodium Nitroprusside
A
Class: Vasodilator
IV, continuous infusion
t1/2 = 1-2min
MOA:
- Prompt vasodilation & reflex tachycardia
- Peripheral vasodilation via direct effects on arterial & venous SM
Use(s):
- HTN crisis
Adverse Effect(s):
- Hypotension
- Goose bumps
- Abdominal cramping
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Headache
- Cyanide toxicity (rare)
- Sodium thiosulfate
2
Q
Labetalol
A
Class: a- & B-blocker
IV bolus or infusion
t1/2 = 3-6h
MOA:
- No reflex tachycardia
Use(s):
- HTN crisis, pregnancy
Contraindication(s):
- Asthma
- COPD
- Patients w/2 or 3 heart block
- Patients w/bradycardia
3
Q
Fenoldopam
A
Class: D1 Receptor Agonist
IV infusion
t1/2 = 30min
MOA:
- Maintains/inc. renal perfusion –> dec. BP
- Promotes naturesis
- Evokes arteriolar dilation
Use(s):
- HTN crisis
Contraindication(s):
- Glaucoma
4
Q
Nicardipine
A
Class: Ca-channel blocker
IV infusion
t1/2 = 30 min
MOA:
- Evokes reflex tachycardia
Use(s):
- HTN crisis
5
Q
Nitroglycerin
A
Class: Vasodilator
DOC
t1/2 = 2-5 min
MOA:
- Dilates veins > arteries
Use(s):
- HTN crisis
- Cardiac ischemia/angina
- Cardiac bypass surgery
Adverse Effect(s): - Hypotension
6
Q
Diazoxide
A
Class: Arteriolar dilator
t1/2 = 24h
MOA:
- Opens K channels
- Prevents vascular SM contraction
- Stabilizes membrane potential
Use(s):
- HTN crisis
- Hypoglycemia via 2* insulinoma
Action(s):
- Inhibit insulin release
Adverse Effect(s):
- Hypotension
- Reflex tachycardia
- Na & H2O retention
7
Q
Phentolamine
A
Class: a Antagonist
DOC
Use(s):
- HTN crisis
- Pheochromacytoma
8
Q
Esmolol
A
Use(s):
- Aortic dissection
- Post-op HTN
9
Q
Hydralazine
A
DOC
Use(s):
- HTN emergency
- Pregnancy
- Eclampsia
- Pregnancy
