Hypertension - Pathoma

Question 1

What is HTN defined as?

Answer 1

greater than or equal to: 140/90 mmHg

Question 2

What is primary HTN due to?

Answer 2

Etiology unknown (95% of cases)

Question 3

What are the risk factors of HTN?

Hint: 5

Answer 3

• Age
• Race (higher in AA)
• Stress
• Lack of physical activity
• High salt diet

Question 4

What is the one majory cause of secondary HTN?

Answer 4

Renal artery stenosis

less blood flow to kidney => activate JGA => increase renin

Question 5

What are the two causes of Renal artery stenosis?

Answer 5

1. Atherosclerosis (elderly males)

2. Fibromuscular dysplasia (young females)

Question 6

What is benign HTN?

Answer 6

• mild or moderate elevation of blood pressure
• damages organs and vessels over time
• Clinically silent!

Question 7

What is malignant HTN?

Answer 7

• severe increase in BP (>200/120)

- may arise from benign, or exist de novo

Question 8

What is the classical presentation of malignant HTN?

Answer 8

• acute end-organ damage
• acute renal failure
• headache
• papilledema