Cardiomyopathy & Cardiac Tumors - Pathoma Flashcards
What happens in Dilated Cardiomyopathy?
Dilation of ALL four chambers of the heart.
most common
What are the three consequences of Dilated Cardiomyopathy?
- Results in systolic dysfunction => biventricular CHF
- Mitral & Triscupid valve regurgitation
- Arrhythmia (stretching conduction systems)
What are the causes of Dilated Cardiomyopathy?
- Idiopathic
- Genetic causes (aut dom)
- Myocarditis (coxsackie)
- Alcohol abuse
- Drugs (doxorubicine, cocaine)
- Pregnancy
What type of cardiomyopathy involves massive hypertrophy of the left ventricle and is usually due to genetic mutations in sarcomere proteins (aut dom)?
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
What are the three consequences of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy?
- Systolic dysfunction => decreased CO
- Ventricular arrhythmias (sudden cardiac death in athletes)
- Syncope with exercise
What do you see on biopsy of a heart with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy?
-Myofiber hypertrophy with disarray
What kind of hypertrophy causes decreased compliance of ventricular endomyocardium and results in diastolic dysfunction?
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
What are the causes of Restrictive Cardiomyopathy?
- Amyloidosis
- Sarcoidosis
- Hemochromatosis
- Endocardial fibroelastosis (children)
- Loeffler syndrome (eosinophilic infiltrate)
What is the clinical presentation of Restrictive Cardiomyopathy?
- Presents as CHF
- Classic finding = low voltage EKG
- Diminished QRS amplitudes
What do you call a benign mesenchymal proliferation with a gelatinous appearance (abundant ground substance)?
Myxoma!
What is the most common primary cardiac tumor in adults?
Myxoma
Where does a myxoma usually grow?
pedunculated mass in the left atrium
What are the symptoms of myxoma?
Syncope due to obstruction of mitral valve
What do you call a benign hamartoma of cardiac muscle?
Rhabdomyoma
What is the most common cardiac tumor in children?
Hint: associated with tuberous sclerosis
Rhabdomyoma
