Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Hypertension - General Information > Flashcards

Hypertension - General Information Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmacologic treatment for blood pressure should initiated when

(1) Age 60+
(2) Less than 60
(3) With diabetics
(4) CKD, with or without diabetes

A

(1) 150/90
(2) 140/90
(3) 140/90
(4) 140/90

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the initial drug choices for HTN?

A

(1) Thiazide-type diuretic
(2) CCB
(3) ACE Inhibitor
(4) ARB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In the black population, those with no comorbidities, what are the initial drugs of choice for HTN? (2)

A

(1) Thiazide diuretic

2) CCB (long-acting dihydropyridine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Adults with CKD should receive which drug first? (2 options)

A

(1) ACE

(2) ARB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Drug classes you can use for treating HTN + the following diseases:

a. High Coronary Disease Risk
b. Diabetes
c. Recurrent stroke
d. Heart failure
e. Previous MI
f. Chronic renal disease

Use ACE for Ace inhibitor, ALD for aldosterone receptor antagonist, ARB for Angiotensin receptor blocker, B for beta blocker, CCB for Ca channel blocker, and D for diuretic

  1. You start with a diuretic in all but which 2
  2. Which class is indicated as a 2nd or 3rd choice for every one of these categories?
A

a. D, B, ACE, CCB
b. D, ACE, ARB, CCB
c. D, ACE
d. ALL of them
e. B, ACE, Ald
f. ACE, ARB

  1. Previous MI and chronic renal disease
  2. ACE inhibitors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Chronic HTN can lead to (3)

A

Heart disease. heart failure, and stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

HTN is a risk factor for developing (2)

A

Chronic kidney disease and heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is essential HTN?

A

HTN with no identifiable cause. This is actually seen in 90% of patients.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the cause of HTN?

A

Results from the interplay of several
genetic polymorphisms (which individually might be
inconsequential) and environmental factors, which conspire to increase blood volume and/or peripheral
resistance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Secondary HTN is primarily due to

A

Renal disease. Others: endocrine (including thyroid), cardiovascular, neurlogic (including sleep apnea)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When there is not enough blood flow to the kidney, what is released?

A

The kidney secretes renin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does renin do?

A

Help the kideny’s retain more water, which increases blood in the arteries, which causes HTN.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the range for hypertensive crisis?

A

Systolic >180mmHg

Diastolic > 120mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

HTN urgency

A

No damage to end organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

HTN Emergency

A

Damage to end organs

  • Confusion
  • Drowsiness
  • Chest Pain
  • Breathlessness
  • Elevated troponin
  • Elevated Creatine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why is HTN referred to as a silent killer?

A

With essential/primary HTN, there usually aren’t any symptoms.

17
Q
  1. Normal BP
  2. Elevated
  3. Stage 1
  4. Stage 2
A
  1. <120/<80, follow up every year
  2. <130/<80, Lifestyle modifications, give them 6 months
  3. Systolic 130 to 139 mmHg or diastolic 80 to 89 mmHg
  4. Systolic at least 140 mmHg or diastolic at least 90 mmHg
18
Q

What are lifestyle modifications

A
  1. Diet, less than 2.4g per sodium per day. DASH diet. Potassium supplementation (*CKD or hyperkalemia) for citrus fruits not a tablet. Alcohol limitation
  2. Exercise. BMI >25, lose weight
  3. Weight loss
19
Q

Stage 1 HTN treatment (2 things)

A
  1. Lifestyle modification, follow up 3 months.
  2. Medication IF they have other co-morbid conditions
    another risk factor.
    a. Start 1 medication
    Follow up in 1 month if you start a medication.
20
Q

Clinically diagnosed with HTN

A

2 readings
2 weeks apart
2 visits
Home monitoring- take multiple times over the course of the day. Use telehealth to see if they need to titrate. Titrate rapidly.

21
Q

What is the treatment for stage 2 HTN?

A

Start 2 medications, which ones you choose are based on co-morbid conditions.

22
Q

The patient in the ICU on an anti-hypertensive gtt should have their BP dropped

A

SLOWLY, 25% down. Switch to oral

23
Q

Treatment for HTN & heart failure and CAD use

A 
Beta blocker and ACE or ARB
Beta blockers to use for both HF and CAD. 
-Metoprolol 
-Labetolol
-nebivolol
24
Q

Treatment for HTN and stroke

A

ACE + Thiazide

25
Q

Treatment for HTN and CKD

A

ACE or ARB

Except Stage 4

26
Q

Treatment for HTN and Diabetes

A

ACE

27
Q

Why shouldn’t oral clonidine be used?

A

Can cause rebound hypertension. You can use a transdermal patch

28
Q

Why shouldn’t the Non-dihydropyridine CCBs be used in HTN + CAD?

A

They are rate control agents used for a-fib, they do not replace BBs even though both are rate control agents.

29
Q

Systolic blood pressure readings in the left and right arms should be roughly equivalent. A discrepancy of more than ____ may indicate

A

> 15 mmHg, may indicate subclavian stenosis and, hence, peripheral arterial disease.

30
Q

Method to diagnose HTN

A

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring — Twenty-four-hour ABPM

Pharmacology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions