hypertension def

Question 1

CAGE questionnaire

Answer 1

1-needed to C_ut d^own on your drinking?

2 people An_noy_ed you by cri^ticizi^ng yo_ur ^drin^king?

3 ever felt G^uilt_y about drinking?

4 ever felt you ne_ede^{d a} drin_{k 1}st thin_{g in} th^{e A}M (_Eye-o_pener) to steady your nerves?

hint:

1. cutdown : Alligator big w no teeth
2. annoyed: Butterfly w hole in the wings
3. guilty: Crab sebastian of having too much fun=> rouge de honte, pas rouge parce qu’il est cuit
4. eye opener: Dolphin flipper, flip at someone all the time and winks

Question 2

left ventricular hypertrophy/

main causes/

++ common in…?

Answer 2

=>Le_{ft ve}nt^ricul_{ar hy}pert^rophy dvp in response to some factors; such as HTN=>

requires the left ventricle to work harder

=>more common in pt w unc_ontro^lled _HT^N

Question 3

s4 sound ass. W.?

Answer 3

w an_{y pr}oce^ss th_{at i}ncr the _stiffness of the _ventricle;

ex lon_g-standin_{g H^TN}=> hypertrophy

Question 4

TOD/def

Answer 4

ta_rget o_rg^an ^dam_age

Question 5

S3 sound /

1. ass. w? pathomnemonic of?
2. can be indicative of..?

Answer 5

1. ass. with he_art fai^lure;
2. can also indicate hy_perte_nsiv_{e hea}rt d^z

Question 6

murmur/def

Answer 6

extra or unusual sound heard during a heartbeat.

Question 7

CKD/

def/

how to dx?

Answer 7

Ch_ronic kid_ney di_sease/

dx:

=>Blood tests.

Kidney function tests, level of was_{te p}rodu_cts; ex cre_atinin_e an^{d ur}ea; in blood

=>U_A;

=>im_agi_{ng te}sts

hint:

tests non invasive vs invasive

Question 8

ARAS/

def/

++ common etiology

Answer 8

Ath_eroscl^ero_tic r^en_{al ar}te_{ry sten}o^sis/

ath_eroscleros^is mo^st of cas_es

hint:

arras, ville du pas de calais celebre for a underground maze= chemin blokes ou pas/ Blocker=atherosclerosis

Question 9

*plasma ARR/

def/

use

Answer 9

plasma Aldo_sterone []/pla_{sma Re}nin ^activit^{y R}atio (ARR) /

+++ commonly used scree^{ning tes}t x _prim^{ary hy}peral^dostero_nism

Question 10

HTN/ def

Answer 10

SBP 140–159 mm Hg or

DBP 90–99 mm Hg

hint:

SBP + 20

DBP:+10

Question 11

other name for essential HTN

Answer 11

primary HTN

Question 12

fasting lipid panel/include

Answer 12

total cholesterol +[HDL]; triglycerides; LDL

Question 13

cushing syndrome/def

Answer 13

X_S cor_tisol or c_orticost_eroid or A_CTH.

hint:

ACTH =released from the pituitary gland in the brain

Question 14

obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and hypertension/ phathophys

Answer 14

OSA=> s^ympa_thetic NS ove^racti_vity (=> HTN)=>

oxi^dant ^stres^{s a}nd infl^am^mation=>

alt^eratio_ⁿs in va^scu_lar f^xn and _struc_ture

Question 15

**aldosterone + renin\

/RAAS/ quick refresher

Answer 15

S^ten_osis =>r_ena^{l i}sch^emia =>

activ^ating the reⁿⁱn–ang^iotensi^{n sy}stem=>

r^eleas^{e o}f reni^{n a}nd _pro^duction of _angiot^ensin II.=>

_Aldost_{erone se}cret^{ion a}nd va^soco_nstricti^{on th}en occur; =>

HTN.

Question 16

^prima_{ry h}ypera^ldoster_onis^m/

def

Answer 16

a_dren^{al g}la_nds produce to_{o m}uch al^doster^one; =>

los_s of K+ and re^tain Na+ =>

X_s Na+ => Xs wa^ter =>

in_cr. BP