Hypertension and Heart Failure Treatment

Question 1

What is defined as hypertension?

Answer 1

140/90 mmHg

Question 2

What lifestyle advice can be given to a patient with hypertension?

Answer 2

• Maintain normal body weight (BMI 20-25)
• Reduce salt intake to <6g/day
• Limit alcohol consumption
• Exercise
• 5 a day
• Stop smoking

Question 3

What do ACE inhibitors do?

Answer 3

Reduce formation of Angiotensin II
Vasodilation
Venodilation
Reduction in circulating aldosterone

Question 4

What does angiotensin II do?

Answer 4

Vasoconstriction
Stimulation of aldosterone secretion
Acts at Na+/H+ channel in proximal tubule to increase sodium reabsorption

Question 5

What does aldosterone do?

Answer 5

Upregulates ENaC in collecting ducts and thus increases sodium reabsorption

Question 6

Give two examples of ACE inhibitors

Answer 6

Ramipril, lisinopril