Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Kelly > Hypertension > Flashcards

Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

Classification stages

A

Pre-HTN 120-139/80-89
Stage 1: 140-159/90-99 : one first line drug
Stage 2: 160/100 or greater : two first line drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Goals

A

< 140/90 for most pts

< 140/80 for diabetics according to ADA 2013

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

First-line options

A

ACEI or ARB, DHP-CCB, or thiazide diuretic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ACEI’s

A

lisinopril, captopril, enala, rami, trandoloa
compelling indications: DM, CKD, HF, post-MI, high CAD risk, stroke
Contraindications: bilateral renal artery stenosis, pregnancy, angioedema
ADE: increasing Cr (monitor 7-10 days after initiating or increasing), hyperkalemia (monitor), andioedema, cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ARBs

A

losartan, irbesartan, cade, olme, telmi
compelling indications: HF, DM, CKD
Contral & ADE same as ACEI but no cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

aliskiren

A

Renin inhibitor
Contra: pregnancy, don’t use w/ACEI or ARB in pts with DM
ADR: angioedema, hyperkalemia if used with ACEI
High fat meals decrease absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cardioselective B-Blockers

A

B-1 antagonist activity only

atenolol, bisoprolol, betaxolol, metoprolol tartrate/succinate, nebivolol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

alpha-1 antagonist B-Blockers

A

peripheral vasodilation. more effective antihypertensive than others.
carvedilol, labetalol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ISA b-blockers

A

intrinsic sympathomimetic activity; resting heart rate is not lowered as much with these. not usually used for HTN
acebutolol, penbutolol, pindolol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

B-Blockers

A

Compelling indications: HF (with ACE), post-MI (first 3 years), high CAD risk, DM
Contraindications: SA or AV node dysfunction, decompensated HF, severe bronchospastic disease
ADE: bradycardia, heart block, exercise intolerance, sexual dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

thiazide diuretics

A

HCTZ, chlorthalidone, metolazone, indapamide
ADR: hypokalemia, hyponatremia (monitor 7-10 days after starting)
do not use if GFR < 30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Loop diuretics

A

furosemide, bumetandie, torsemide, ethacrynic acid
Use: HTN in pts with CKD and HF
ADR: hypo K, Na, and Mag (monitor w/sCr 7-10 days after)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

metolazone

A

thiazide diuretic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

indapamide

A

thiazide diuretic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

bumetanide

A

loop diuretic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ethacrynic acid

A

loop diuretic

17
Q

K sparing diuretics

A

triamterene, amiloride
used in combo with thiazide for K balance
Avoid if CrCl < 10.
Monitor sCr and K 7-10 days after

18
Q

Dihydropyridine CCBs

A

amlodipine, felodipine, nifedipine, nicardipine
also improves anginal sxs
ADR: peripheral edema

19
Q

non-DHP CCBs

A 
verapamil, diltiazem
negative inotropic effects
used for HTN when concomitant conditions (atrial fib, stable angina)
Contra: heart block, sick sinus syndrome
ADR: bradycardia, constipation
CYP P450 inhibitors
don't use with EF < 40%
use with caution in pts on B-blockers
20
Q

a1-blockers

A

terazosin, doxazosin, prazosin
Reserved for male w/concomitant benign prostatic hyperplasia
ADR: dizziness and orthostatic hypotension

21
Q

aldosterone receptor blockers

A 
spironolactone, eplerenone
used for HTN in HF
Contra: anuria, acute renal insuf, hyperkalemia
ADR: hyperkal, gynecomastia with spirono
monitor k and scr 7-10 days after
22
Q

central a2-agonists

A

clonidine, methyldopa, guanfacine
for hypertensive urgency
rebound htn if withdrawn too quickly
avoid in HF

23
Q

hydralazine

A

vasodilator
may be beneficial for HF
ADR: tachycardia (use with b-blocker), lupuslike syndrome

24
Q

minoxidil

A

vasodilator

ADR: fluid retention (use with diuretic), pericardial effeusion, hirsutism

25
Q

post-MI

A

ACEi, b-blocker (3 years), aldosterone antagonist

26
Q

ACS initial tx

A

b-blocker and ACEI

27
Q

stable angina

A

first: b-blocker
alternate: long-acting CCB

28
Q

asymptomatic HF

A

ACEI and b-blockers

29
Q

symptomatic HF

A

ACEI, b-blockers, ARB, aldosterone antag (with loop)

30
Q

CKD

A

goal = < 130/80
ACEI or ARB
rise is sCr up to 30% is acceptable

31
Q

Recurrent stroke prevention

A

thiazide diuretic, ACEI

32
Q

agents for hypertensive urgency

A

> 180/120

captopril, clonidine, labetalol

Kelly (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions