hypertension

Question 1

What are the secondary causes of hypertension?

Answer 1

ROPE
Rental disease (renal artery stenosis)
Obesity
Pregnancy 
Endocrine (hyperaldosteronism)

Question 2

What is the test for Conns syndrome?

Answer 2

renin:aldosteone ratio test

Question 3

What are the complications of hypertension?

Answer 3

Ischaemic heart disease
cerebrovascular accident 
hypertensive ne retinopathy 
hypertensive nephropathy 
heart failure

Question 4

What are the medications used to treat hypertension?

Answer 4

ACE inhibitor (ramipril up to 10mg/day)
Beta blocker (bisoprolol up to 20mg per day)
Calcium channel blocker (amlodipine up to 10mg per day)
Thiazide like Diuretic (indapimide 2.5mg /day
ARB (candesartan 8mg up to 32mg once daily)

Question 5

what lifestyle advise should be given to manage hypertension?

Answer 5

healthy iet
reducing salt intake
stop smoking
regular exercise

Question 6

What is step one in the medical management of hypertension?

Answer 6

<55 and non black use ACEi

>55 or black use calcium channel blocker

Question 7

What is step 2 in the medical management of hypertension?

Answer 7

non black use ACEi and calcium channel blocker

If black use ARB instead of ACEi

Question 8

What is stage 3 of the medical management of hypertension?

Answer 8

ACEi, Calcium channel blocker and loop diuretic

Question 9

What is stage 4 of the medical management of hypertension?

Answer 9

ACEi, calcium channel blocker, loop diuretic and beta blocker

Question 10

When should spironalactone be used?

Answer 10

If thiazide like diuretics (indapamide) ar causing hypokalaemia

Question 11

What 2 anti-hypertensive drugs can cause hypercalcaemia?

Answer 11

spironolactone and ACEi

Question 12

Describe the management of hypertension in diabetes

Answer 12

aim for <130/80 in diabetic patients
ACEi for all expect women of child bearing age - Calcium channel blocker
black patients- ACEi and calcium channel blocker