Hypertension

Question 1

lab monitoring with HTN

Answer 1

creatinine
UA
TSH
glucose
K, Na, Ca
lipid panel
CBC (anemia)

Question 2

causes of secondary hypertension

Answer 2

renal (renal artery stenosis, polycystic kidneys, CKD)
endocrine (hyperthyroidism, hyperaldosteronism, pheochromocytoma)
others (OSA, coarctation of aorta)

Question 3

BP in arms higher than BP in legs

Answer 3

coarctation of the aorta

Question 4

DBP >120 w/ clinical findings of organ damage (N/V, CVA/TIA, subarachnoid hemorrhage, MI, PE, ARF, retinopathy)

Answer 4

hypertensive emergency

Question 5

diet recommended for prehypertension, HTN, weight loss

Answer 5

DASH diet

Question 6

diet high in K, Mg, Ca w/ decreased red meat/processed foods, increased grains, legumes, fish, protein

Answer 6

DASH diet

Question 7

important to monitor __ level with diuretics

Answer 7

potassium

Question 8

medication class
changes the way the kidneys handle sodium; increases urine output

Answer 8

thiazide diuretics

Question 9

anti-htn medication - avoid if sulfa allergy

Answer 9

thiazide diuretics

Question 10

medication class 
inhibits Na-K-Cl pump of the kidney in the loop of Henle

Answer 10

loop diuretics

Question 11

medication class
furosemide (Lasix)
bumetanide (Bumex)

Answer 11

loop diuretics

Question 12

medication class
antagonizes the action of aldosterone;
increases elimination of water in the kidneys and preserves potassium

Answer 12

aldosterone receptor antagonist diuretics

Question 13

medication class 
indicated for htn, HF, hirsutism, precocious puberty

Answer 13

aldosterone receptor antagonist diuretics

Question 14

medication class
avoid combining with potassium-sparing diuretics, ACE-I, or potassium supplements

Answer 14

aldosterone receptor antagonist diuretics

Question 15

medication class of
spironolactone
eplerenone (inspra)

Answer 15

aldosterone receptor antagonist diuretics

Question 16

medication class
avoid stopping abruptly - may cause severe rebound hypertension

Answer 16

beta blockers

Question 17

medication class - MOA

decreases vasomotor activity, CO, inhibits renin and norepinephrine release

Answer 17

beta blockers

Question 18

medication class - contraindications

asthma, COPD, 2nd/3rd degree heart block, sinus bradycardia

Answer 18

beta blockers

Question 19

uses of medication class
htn
MI
migraine
glaucoma
resting tachycardia
angina pectoris
post-MI

Answer 19

beta blockers

Question 20

medication class - MOA

blocks voltage-gated calcium channels in cardiac smooth muscle and BVs resulting in systemic vasodilation

Answer 20

CCB

Question 21

medication class - side effects
headache
ankle edema
heart block/bradycardia
reflex tachycardia

Answer 21

CCB

Question 22

medication class - contraindications
2nd/3rd degree heart block
bradycardia
CHF

Answer 22

CCB

Question 23

medication class
nifedipine
amlodipine
verapamil
diltiazem

Answer 23

CCB

Question 24

medication class - MOA

blocks conversion of angiotensin I to II

Answer 24

ACE + ARB

Question 25

``` medication class drug of choice with DM and/or CKD ```

Answer 25

ACE/ARB

Question 26

medication class (htn) category C in 1st trimester category D in 2-3rd trimester

Answer 26

ACE/ARB

Question 27

effects of ACE/ARB on fetus

Answer 27

fetal kidney malformations and fetal hypotension

Question 28

medication class - contraindications mod-severe CKD renal artery stenosis hyperkalemia

Answer 28

ACE/ARB

Question 29

medication class losartan candesartan olmesartan

Answer 29

ARB

Question 30

``` medication class potent vasodilator; given at bedtime with slow titrations ```

Answer 30

alpha-1 blocker/agonist or alpha-adrenergic blocker

Question 31

medication class - s/e orthostatic hypotension dizziness reflex tachycardia

Answer 31

alpha-1 blocker/agonist or alpha-adrenergic blocker

Question 32

medication class terazosin tamsulosin

Answer 32

alpha-1 blocker/agonist or alpha-adrenergic blocker

Question 33

``` medication class indicated if both htn and BPH ```

Answer 33

alpha-1 blocker/agonist or alpha-adrenergic blocker

Question 34

hypertension tx plan in HF patient

Answer 34

ACE or ARB 1st | may add BB, diuretic

Question 35

hypertension tx plan in DM patient

Answer 35

ACE or ARB 1st | if AA can start w/ CCB or thiazide

Question 36

hypertension tx plan in CKD patient

Answer 36

ACE or ARB 1st | can add CCB or thiazide

Question 37

hypertension tx plan in CVA patient

Answer 37

ACE or ARB 1st | can add CCB or thiazide as 2nd line

Question 38

s/s include copper/silver wire arterioles, AV nicking

Answer 38

hypertensive retinopathy

Question 39

tx for elderly patients with isolated systolic htn

Answer 39

thiazide diuretic or CCB

Question 40

which medication should women with htn + osteoporosis/osteopenia receive

Answer 40

``` thiazide diuretic (slow down calcium loss) ```