CV system diseases Flashcards
condition caused by gradual narrowing/occlusion of medium-large arteries in the lower extremities resulting in ischemic damage
peripheral arterial disease
ABI (ankle-brachial index) score that indicates PAD
0.9 or less
shiny, hyperpigmented ankles that are hairless and cool to touch
may cause gangrene of the toes
PAD
pedal pulse decreased/absent
increased cap refill time
bruits over partially blocked arteries
PAD
medication tx for PAD (2)
Trental
Pletal
reversible vasospasm of peripheral arterioles of fingers and toes
Raynaud’s phenomenon
medication tx for Raynaud’s phenomenon
CCB
subungual (splinter) hemorrhages
Osler’s nodes
Janeway lesions
bacterial endocarditis
treatment plan for bacterial endocarditis
refer to ED
complications of bacterial endocarditis
valvular destruction
myocardial abscess
emboli
S2 click followed by systolic murmur
mitral valve prolapse
tx for MVP w/ palpitations
beta blocker
age that complete lipid profile begins w/ frequency
start age 20
every 5 years
after age 40, lipid panel ordered every ___ years
2-3
normal total cholesterol
<200
borderline high cholesterol
200-239
high cholesterol
> 240
normal HDL cholesterol
men >40
women > 50
if HDL is < __ patient is at higher risk for CAD, even if LDL and TC are normal
40
optimal LDL
<100
acceptable LDL
<130
very high LDL
> 190
LDL goal with heart disease or DM
<100
normal triglycerides
<150
triglyceride level r/t high risk of pancreatitis
1000+
treat triglycerides with niacin or fibrate if levels are ____
> 500
1st line tx for hyperlipidemia
lifestyle changes
cholesterol tx in patient <75 with hx of ASCVD
high intensity statin
cholesterol tx in patient >75 with hx of ASCVD
moderate intensity statin
tx of LDL 190+ in pt w/o hx ASCVD
high intensity statin
pt age 40-75 w/ ASCVD risk 7.5% or higher
moderate/high intensity statin
high intensity statins lower LDL by ___
50%
statin intensity
atorvastatin 40-80
rosuvastatin (crestor) 20-40
high intensity
moderate intensity statins lower LDL by ___
30-50%
statin intensity
atorvastatin 10-20
crestor 5-10
simvastatin 20-40
moderate intensity
low intensity statins lower LDL by ___
<30%
statin intensity
simvastatin 10
pravastatin 10-20
low intensity
interactions w/ statins
high risk of rhabdo
grapefruit juice fibrates antifungals macrolides amiodarone CCB
fibrates should not be used with severe ____ disease
kidney
side effects of niacin
flushing
itching
tingling
hepatotoxicity
when are bile acid sequestrants used to treat cholesterol
patients who are unable to tolerate statins, fibrates, niacin
triad of rhabdo
muscle pain
weakness
dark urine
reversible effects of statins that resolve w/ dc of tx
memory loss
confusion
underweight BMI
<18.5
normal BMI
18.5-24.9
overweight BMI
25-29.9
obese BMI
30-39.9
grossly obese BMI
> 40
criteria for metabolic syndrome
abd obesity (>35-40in)
HTN
HLD
fasting glucose >100
caused by triglyceride fat deposits in the hepatocytes of the liver
usually asymptomatic
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
