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Cardiology > CV system diseases > Flashcards

CV system diseases Flashcards

1
Q

condition caused by gradual narrowing/occlusion of medium-large arteries in the lower extremities resulting in ischemic damage

A

peripheral arterial disease

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2
Q

ABI (ankle-brachial index) score that indicates PAD

A

0.9 or less

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3
Q

shiny, hyperpigmented ankles that are hairless and cool to touch
may cause gangrene of the toes

A

PAD

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4
Q

pedal pulse decreased/absent
increased cap refill time
bruits over partially blocked arteries

A

PAD

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5
Q

medication tx for PAD (2)

A

Trental

Pletal

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6
Q

reversible vasospasm of peripheral arterioles of fingers and toes

A

Raynaud’s phenomenon

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7
Q

medication tx for Raynaud’s phenomenon

A

CCB

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8
Q

subungual (splinter) hemorrhages
Osler’s nodes
Janeway lesions

A

bacterial endocarditis

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9
Q

treatment plan for bacterial endocarditis

A

refer to ED

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10
Q

complications of bacterial endocarditis

A

valvular destruction
myocardial abscess
emboli

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11
Q

S2 click followed by systolic murmur

A

mitral valve prolapse

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12
Q

tx for MVP w/ palpitations

A

beta blocker

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13
Q

age that complete lipid profile begins w/ frequency

A

start age 20

every 5 years

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14
Q

after age 40, lipid panel ordered every ___ years

A

2-3

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15
Q

normal total cholesterol

A

<200

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16
Q

borderline high cholesterol

A

200-239

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17
Q

high cholesterol

A

> 240

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18
Q

normal HDL cholesterol

A

men >40

women > 50

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19
Q

if HDL is < __ patient is at higher risk for CAD, even if LDL and TC are normal

A

40

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20
Q

optimal LDL

A

<100

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21
Q

acceptable LDL

A

<130

22
Q

very high LDL

A

> 190

23
Q

LDL goal with heart disease or DM

A

<100

24
Q

normal triglycerides

A

<150

25
Q

triglyceride level r/t high risk of pancreatitis

A

1000+

26
Q

treat triglycerides with niacin or fibrate if levels are ____

A

> 500

27
Q

1st line tx for hyperlipidemia

A

lifestyle changes

28
Q

cholesterol tx in patient <75 with hx of ASCVD

A

high intensity statin

29
Q

cholesterol tx in patient >75 with hx of ASCVD

A

moderate intensity statin

30
Q

tx of LDL 190+ in pt w/o hx ASCVD

A

high intensity statin

31
Q

pt age 40-75 w/ ASCVD risk 7.5% or higher

A

moderate/high intensity statin

32
Q

high intensity statins lower LDL by ___

A

50%

33
Q

statin intensity
atorvastatin 40-80
rosuvastatin (crestor) 20-40

A

high intensity

34
Q

moderate intensity statins lower LDL by ___

A

30-50%

35
Q

statin intensity
atorvastatin 10-20
crestor 5-10
simvastatin 20-40

A

moderate intensity

36
Q

low intensity statins lower LDL by ___

A

<30%

37
Q

statin intensity
simvastatin 10
pravastatin 10-20

A

low intensity

38
Q

interactions w/ statins

high risk of rhabdo

A 
grapefruit juice
fibrates
antifungals
macrolides
amiodarone
CCB
39
Q

fibrates should not be used with severe ____ disease

A

kidney

40
Q

side effects of niacin

A

flushing
itching
tingling
hepatotoxicity

41
Q

when are bile acid sequestrants used to treat cholesterol

A

patients who are unable to tolerate statins, fibrates, niacin

42
Q

triad of rhabdo

A

muscle pain
weakness
dark urine

43
Q

reversible effects of statins that resolve w/ dc of tx

A

memory loss

confusion

44
Q

underweight BMI

A

<18.5

45
Q

normal BMI

A

18.5-24.9

46
Q

overweight BMI

A

25-29.9

47
Q

obese BMI

A

30-39.9

48
Q

grossly obese BMI

A

> 40

49
Q

criteria for metabolic syndrome

A

abd obesity (>35-40in)
HTN
HLD
fasting glucose >100

50
Q

caused by triglyceride fat deposits in the hepatocytes of the liver
usually asymptomatic

A

non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Cardiology (7 decks)

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