Hypertension

Question 1

<120/<80 is the perimeters for which hypertension category

Answer 1

Normal

Question 2

120-139/80-89 is in the perimeters for which hypertension category

Answer 2

Prehypertension

Question 3

140-159/90-99 is in the perimeters for which hypertensive category

Answer 3

Stage 1 hypertension

Question 4

> 160/>100 fits into which hypertensive category

Answer 4

Stage II

Question 5

What is the desired BP for people over the age of 60

Answer 5

• below 150/90

Question 6

What is the desired BP for people under the age of 60?

Answer 6

• below 140/90

Question 7

When should people be treated with drug therapy?

Answer 7

• joint national committee 8 (JNC8) guidelines state that drug therapy is to be used for pts that are above the age guidelines

Question 8

What is the generalized difference between essential and secondary hypertension

Answer 8

• essential hypertension is not caused by a specific disease process or medication
• secondary hypertension is

Question 9

What are common risk factors of essential hypertension

Answer 9

• obesity
• smoking
• family history
• stress
• sedentary lifestyle
• African American race
• excessive alcohol use
• hyperlipidemia
• increased intake of salt or caffeine

Question 10

Name some specific diseases and drugs that may increase risk of secondary hypertension

Answer 10

• renal disease
• primary aldosteronism
• pheochromocytoma
• Cushing’s syndrome
• cardiovascular disorders
• pregnancy
• medications (estrogens, glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids

Question 11

Hypertension is a major risk factor for what 4 disease processes

Answer 11

• cerebral, renal coronary and peripheral vascular disease

Question 12

How do does hypertension initially present?

Answer 12

• the disease is initially asymptomatic

Question 13

What are the typical goals of Tx?

Answer 13

• reduction of BP

- preventing/lessening the extent of organ damage

Question 14

What is the reasonable time period to attempt nonpharmacological Tx before utilizing pharmacological tx

Answer 14

1-3 months

Question 15

Obtain BP how many times and in which position?

Answer 15

• 2 or more times

- on both arms, with pt standing and supine

Question 16

What should you compare pt BP with

Answer 16

• prior documentation

Question 17

Name nonpharmacological interventions (7)

Answer 17

• weight reduction or maintenance of ideal weight
• moderate intake of alcohol caffeine containing products
• initiation of regular exercise program
• avoidance of smoking
• relaxation techniques and biofeedback therapy
• elimination of unnecessary meds that may contribute to hypertension

Question 18

Dietary sodium should be restricted to how many grams daily, as a nonpharmacologic intervention

Answer 18

2g

Question 19

Headache, blurry vision and dyspnea are symptoms indicative of what type of hypertension

Answer 19

• malignant hypertension

Question 20

Describe the onset of malignant hypertension

Answer 20

• rapid progression of elevated blood pressure

Question 21

What could result from in-promptly intervening in the event of malignant hypertension

Answer 21

• kidney failure, stroke, and or heart failure could occur

Question 22

What is considered a hypertensive crisis

Answer 22

• BP >180/120

Question 23

Does hypertensive crisis require IV therapy

Answer 23

Yes

Question 24

What must you consider when treating for hypertensive therapy?

Answer 24

• don’t decrease BP too fast