Hypertension Flashcards
What happens to the arteries with increased BP?
Narrowing
Damage to the inner lining of the arteries causes them to become thick and stiff therefore ↓ ability of the vessel to stretch
How is HTN defined?
Systolic blood pressure (SBP) of >140mmHg or diastolic blood pressure 90>mmHg (DBP).
How does HTN impair baroreceptor function?
↑ BP stretches the carotid arteries causing the baroreceptors to increase their basal rate of action potential generation in response to changes in BP, therefore decreased sensitivity of the baroreceptors
Describe the classification of BP:
- Pre-hypertension – 120-139/80-89mmhg
- Hypertension stage 1 – 130-159/90 99mmhg
- Hypertension stage 2 - >160/>100mmhg
How do diuretics help in decreasing BP?
Act on your kidneys to help your body eliminate sodium and water = reduced blood volume
How do beta blockers help in decreasing BP?
↓ WL of the heart and open your blood vessels, ↓ HR and ↓ contractility
How do ACE-inhibitors help in decreasing BP?
Inhibit the activity of enzyme ACE = decreased vasocontraction (and BP)
How do Calcium Channel Blockers help in decreasing BP?
Inhibit L-type channels to decrease Ca2+ entry into the cell (-ive inotropic effect)
How does exercise help with BP?
Increases and redistributes CO to maintain perfusion of active muscles
Neuroendocrine, immune and vascular changes. Decreases left ventricular mass, wall thickness and improves endothelial function
What are the aerobic recommendations ?
F: Most, preferably all day of the week
I: Moderate intensity aerobic exercise (40-60% VO2R or HRR)
T: 30-60min/day of continuous or intermittent aerobic exercise
T:Walking, cycling, non-weight bearing exercise, utilising large muscle groups
V: 1200-2000kcal/week
P: gradual progression avoiding large increases in any of the FITT components, especially intensity
What are some special considerations in this population?
Need to avoid the valsava maneuverer during RT training
Other co-morbidities
