Hypertension

Question 1

MAP formula

Answer 1

MAP= CO x PVR

CO= SV x HR

Question 2

Converts cortisol (may bind MR) to cortisol (no affinity to MR)

Answer 2

11 B hydroxysteroid D2

Question 3

Index of arterial stiffening central pressure to pulse pressure

Answer 3

Aortic augmentation index

Question 4

Strong independent risk Factors for mortality

Answer 4

1. Aortic augmentation

2. Central blood pressure

Question 5

Most common etiology of secondary HTN

Answer 5

Primary renal disease

Question 6

Diagnosis of PAD

Answer 6

ABi <0.9

Question 7

2 causes of renovascular HTN

Answer 7

1. Atherosclerosis

2. Fibromuscular dysplasia

Question 8

MC type of fibromuscular dysplasia

Answer 8

Medical fibroplasia

Question 9

Confirmation of primary aldosteronism

Answer 9

2L isotonic saline in 4 hrs-

Failure to suppress aldosterone in response to oral NaCl load

Question 10

Screening test for primary aldosteronism

Answer 10

PA/PRA ratio > 30

Question 11

Test for pheochromocytoma

Answer 11

Test for urinary metanephrine

Question 12

pheochromocytoma presents with hypertension. How does it sometimes present with hypotension?

Answer 12

If epinephrine is the dominant cathecolamine

Question 13

How many OSA patients have hypertension?

Answer 13

50%

Question 14

Hypertension
Hypokalemia
Low renin
Low aldosterone

Answer 14

Liddles syndrome

Question 15

Causes of monogenic hypertension

Answer 15

Glucocorticoid remediable hypertension

17-a-OH deficiency

11B OH deficiency

Liddles syndrome

Question 16

How much BP can weight loss lower?

Answer 16

6.3/3.1 mmHg

Question 17

How many weeks DASH diet high in fruits

Answer 17

8 weeks

Question 18

Limit of alcohol intake

Answer 18

<=2 men

<= 1 women

Question 19

Most drugs can decrease BP by

Answer 19

4-8 mmHg

Question 20

Antihypertensive with adverse effect of DM, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, gout

Answer 20

Thiazides

Question 21

Cardioselective B blockers

Answer 21

Metoprolol

Atenolol

Question 22

B blocker combined a and B action

Answer 22

Labetalol

Carvedilol

Question 23

Antihypertensive
Younger more responsive _____
Over age 50 more responsive_____

Answer 23

Younger:
ACEI, Beta blocker

Over age 50:
CCBs, Diuretics

Question 24

Accomplish trial

Answer 24

Combination ACEI (benazepil) + CCB (amlodipine) superior than ACEI+ diuretic

Question 25

WhAt is resistant hypertension?

Answer 25

BP> 140/90 mmHg despite 3 or more anti HTN agent including a diuretic

Question 26

BP goal

DM, CHD, CKD

Answer 26

<130/80

Question 27

Initial goal in malignant HTN

Answer 27

Decrease MAP by no more than 25% within minutes to 2 hrs or in the range of 160/100-110

Question 28

BP goal stroke no thrombolysis

Answer 28

220/ 130

(+) thrombolysis 185/110

Question 29

Goal BP hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 29

180/130

Question 30

SAH maintaining MAP

Answer 30

130

Question 31

Maximum dose of nicardipine

Answer 31

15 mg/HR