Hypertension Flashcards
Normal BP
120/80
Pre hypertension
120-139/80-89
Stage 1 hypertension
140-159/90-99
Stage 2 hypertension
> 160/>100
*both or equal to
National high blood pressure education program
- recommends regular BP checks for children starting at age 3
- BP readings once considered high normal are now considered prehypertensive
The silent killer
- people wit hypertension are often asymptomatic
- 1 in 3 American adults develops HTN
Hypertension can be viewed as
- sign
- risk factor
- A disease
Essential hypertension(primary)
- 90% develop this type
- no identifiable medical cause
Secondary hypertension
- 10% develop this type
- the cause is known
Hyperactivity of the sympathetic system
- Brain will sense drop in blood pressure and alerts adrenal glands to release epi, nor-epinephrine
- those two neurotransmitters bind with alpha-1 and beta-1 receptors
- binding with alpha-1 cause blood vessel constriction, alpha-2 causes raise in heart rate
- resulting in raise of blood pressure
Hyperactivity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
- Blood pressure is low kidneys secrete renin
- angiotensin converts with ACE and you get angiotensin-2
- angiotensin-2 combines with receptors in the heart and vessels causing construction
- high levels of angiotensin-2 causes the kidneys to secrete aldosterone promoting fluid and sodium holding reality In elevated BP
Endothelial dysfunction
- Overexposure to vasoconstrictors damages the endothelial layer(inner) layer of the blood vessels
- the damaged blood vessels no longer respond vasodilation
Factors contributing to secondary hypertension
- kidney disease
- certain medications
- organ dysfunction
- tumors(cancer)
- pregnancy
Metabolic syndrome
-common combination of:
Hypertension
Dyslipidemia
Obesity
Type 2 diabetes
- must have a combination of at least 2 of the problems to have metabolic syndrome
-they are at higher risk for heart disease, stroke, MI
Damaged vessels in heart can cause
Myocardial infarction
Heart failure
