Eye

Question 1

Myopic eye

Answer 1

• near sighted
• can’t see far well
• eye over bends light in the images
• corrected with biconcave lenses

Question 2

Hypermetropic

Answer 2

• farsighted
• near vision is blurred
• light is focused behind eye ball
• correct with concave lenses

Question 3

Astigmatism

Answer 3

• irregular curvature of cornea
• as information comes into the eye, the lens prevents the light on focusing on the retina
• causes distortion of image

Question 4

Presbyopia

Answer 4

• both near point and far point of vision changes
• color is no longer as vivid
• this as we get older we have a narrower field of vision

Question 5

Low vision

Answer 5

• 20/70-20/200 legally blind

- 20/400- no light perception clinically blind

Question 6

Blepharitis

Answer 6

• inflammation of the eye lid edges
• may be bacterial in nature
• s&s: seborrhea- itchy flakey eye lids and eye lashes
• treat by warm wash cloth to clean matter around the eye

Question 7

Entropion

Answer 7

• turning of eye lashes into the eye
• eye will not become moistened
• surgically correct position of eyelid by tightening of ocular muscle and movement of eye lid

Question 8

Ectropion

Answer 8

• turning of eyelids away from eye
• caused by relaxation of ocular muscle
• corneal drying

Question 9

Hordeolum or stye

Answer 9

• infection of sweat glands in eye lids where eye lashes come out of eye lids
• streptococcus and staphylococcus
• treatment: bacterial ointment

Question 10

-keratonconjunctivitis Sicca

Answer 10

• dry eye syndrome
• tear composition changes
• may feel like large foreign body in eye
• treated by artificial tears

Question 11

Emmetropic eye

Answer 11

• normal vision

- vision focuses precisely at the back of the eye

Question 12

Conjunctival hemorrhage

Answer 12

• vessels in the conjunctiva are fragile and break with too much pressure
• resolves without treatment in two week period typically
• no pain or impairment

Question 13

Conjunctivitis

“Pink eye”

Answer 13

• inflammation of the conjunctiva
• common ocular disease
• caused by microbial infection
• can happen due to allergies
• treatment depends on the infectious agent

Question 14

Trachoma

Answer 14

• caused by bacteria

- if untreated painful irritation followed by virus

Question 15

Macular degeneration

Answer 15

• characterized by tiny yellow spots under the retina, causes central vision loss, age related
• typically 60 and over
• wet and dry, dry is more common
• need to refer these people to low vision centers

Question 16

Glaucoma

Answer 16

• characterized by nerve damage
• occurs because increased ocular pressure in eye ball causing nerve damage
• tend to lose peripheral vision
• difficultly adjusting to low light
• eye aches
• open&closed angle glaucoma

Question 17

Cataract

Answer 17

• lens opacity
• a leading cause of disability
• age related causing cloudiness of lens
• can remove the lens and put in a false lens

Question 18

Diabetic retinopathy

Answer 18

• Lots of small vessels that enter the eye get deteriorated

Question 19

Injuries( retinal holes and tares)

Answer 19

• the vitreous pulls away from the retina
• may see flashing light and shadows
• goal is to create a scar around Tare so that vitreous fluid does not leak out

Question 20

Retinal detachment

Answer 20

Separation

Question 21

Inflammatory disease

Answer 21

• Uveitis
• ciliary body and the choroid are inflamed
• aching painful eyes, red blood shot eyes,photophobia, blurry vision, floaters

Question 22

Keratitis

Answer 22

-irritation or infection of the cornea with ulceration of the corneal surface

Question 23

Keratoconus

Answer 23

-cornea not strong enough to hold its shape any longer

Question 24

Corneal abrasion

Answer 24

-abrasion is a defect in the epithelial layer. Generally traumatic in nature

Question 25

Corneal ulceration

Answer 25

Ulceration is a tiny tear on the surface that becomes infected and chronic in nature

Question 26

Herpes simplex keratitis

Answer 26

Herpes usually ulcerated the cornea.

- leading cause of corneal blindness in the US

Question 27

Keratoplasty

Answer 27

• repair of the cornea or corneal transplant

Question 28

Traumatic injuries

Answer 28

• hyphema
• contusion
• foreign bodies
• lacerations
• penetrating injuries

Question 29

Hyphema

Answer 29

• hemorrhage in the anterior chamber
• caused blood vessel in the eye to tear
• want to avoid NSAIDS and blood thinners

Question 30

Contusion of the eyeball

Answer 30

1. includes surrounding tissues
2. usually caused by a blunt object
3. black eye is common

Question 31

Foreign bodies

Answer 31

1. superficial
   - those that stick to the front of the eye or get trapped under eyelid
2. penetrating
   - actually penetrates the outer layer of the eye
   - irrigate with normal saline

Question 32

Lacerations

Answer 32

Lacerations are caused by penetrating sharp objects