Eye Flashcards
Myopic eye
- near sighted
- can’t see far well
- eye over bends light in the images
- corrected with biconcave lenses
Hypermetropic
- farsighted
- near vision is blurred
- light is focused behind eye ball
- correct with concave lenses
Astigmatism
- irregular curvature of cornea
- as information comes into the eye, the lens prevents the light on focusing on the retina
- causes distortion of image
Presbyopia
- both near point and far point of vision changes
- color is no longer as vivid
- this as we get older we have a narrower field of vision
Low vision
- 20/70-20/200 legally blind
- 20/400- no light perception clinically blind
Blepharitis
- inflammation of the eye lid edges
- may be bacterial in nature
- s&s: seborrhea- itchy flakey eye lids and eye lashes
- treat by warm wash cloth to clean matter around the eye
Entropion
- turning of eye lashes into the eye
- eye will not become moistened
- surgically correct position of eyelid by tightening of ocular muscle and movement of eye lid
Ectropion
- turning of eyelids away from eye
- caused by relaxation of ocular muscle
- corneal drying
Hordeolum or stye
- infection of sweat glands in eye lids where eye lashes come out of eye lids
- streptococcus and staphylococcus
- treatment: bacterial ointment
-keratonconjunctivitis Sicca
- dry eye syndrome
- tear composition changes
- may feel like large foreign body in eye
- treated by artificial tears
Emmetropic eye
- normal vision
- vision focuses precisely at the back of the eye
Conjunctival hemorrhage
- vessels in the conjunctiva are fragile and break with too much pressure
- resolves without treatment in two week period typically
- no pain or impairment
Conjunctivitis
“Pink eye”
- inflammation of the conjunctiva
- common ocular disease
- caused by microbial infection
- can happen due to allergies
- treatment depends on the infectious agent
Trachoma
- caused by bacteria
- if untreated painful irritation followed by virus
Macular degeneration
- characterized by tiny yellow spots under the retina, causes central vision loss, age related
- typically 60 and over
- wet and dry, dry is more common
- need to refer these people to low vision centers
Glaucoma
- characterized by nerve damage
- occurs because increased ocular pressure in eye ball causing nerve damage
- tend to lose peripheral vision
- difficultly adjusting to low light
- eye aches
- open&closed angle glaucoma
Cataract
- lens opacity
- a leading cause of disability
- age related causing cloudiness of lens
- can remove the lens and put in a false lens
Diabetic retinopathy
- Lots of small vessels that enter the eye get deteriorated
Injuries( retinal holes and tares)
- the vitreous pulls away from the retina
- may see flashing light and shadows
- goal is to create a scar around Tare so that vitreous fluid does not leak out
Retinal detachment
Separation
Inflammatory disease
- Uveitis
- ciliary body and the choroid are inflamed
- aching painful eyes, red blood shot eyes,photophobia, blurry vision, floaters
Keratitis
-irritation or infection of the cornea with ulceration of the corneal surface
Keratoconus
-cornea not strong enough to hold its shape any longer
Corneal abrasion
-abrasion is a defect in the epithelial layer. Generally traumatic in nature
Corneal ulceration
Ulceration is a tiny tear on the surface that becomes infected and chronic in nature
Herpes simplex keratitis
Herpes usually ulcerated the cornea.
- leading cause of corneal blindness in the US
Keratoplasty
- repair of the cornea or corneal transplant
Traumatic injuries
- hyphema
- contusion
- foreign bodies
- lacerations
- penetrating injuries
Hyphema
- hemorrhage in the anterior chamber
- caused blood vessel in the eye to tear
- want to avoid NSAIDS and blood thinners
Contusion of the eyeball
- includes surrounding tissues
- usually caused by a blunt object
- black eye is common
Foreign bodies
- superficial
- those that stick to the front of the eye or get trapped under eyelid - penetrating
- actually penetrates the outer layer of the eye
- irrigate with normal saline
Lacerations
Lacerations are caused by penetrating sharp objects
