Hypertension Flashcards
What is HTN?
Sustained elevation of resting systolic BP (≥ 140 mm Hg), diastolic BP (≥ 90 mm Hg), or both.
What is primary HTN and why does it occur?
Hypertension with no known cause - is most common. Hemodynamics and physiologic components vary therefore making it unlikely to have a single cause.
What is secondary HTN?
Hypertension with an identified cause - usually due to chronic kidney disease or primary aldosteronism.
Describe the epidemiology of HTN
About two thirds of people > 65 have hypertension, and people with a normal BP at age 55 have a 90% lifetime risk of developing hypertension.
What is meant by the mosaic theory in primary HTN
It means that even if one factor is initially responsible, multiple factors are probably involved in sustaining elevated BP
Describe what factors could affect different age groups in primary HTN?
In patients > 65, high Na intake is more likely to precipitate hypertension
In younger Patients: Environmental factors (eg, dietary Na, obesity, stress) seem to affect genetically susceptible individuals
What are some common causes of secondary HTN?
Primary aldosteronism (thought to be most common) Chronic glomerulonephritis Pyelonephritis, Cushing syndrome, Hyperthyroidism, Excessive alcohol intake Use of oral contraceptives Licorice NSAIDs
What are some signs and symptoms of HTN?
Usually asymptomatic until complications develop in target organs.
Severe hypertension can cause severe cardiovascular, neurologic, renal, and retinal symptoms
What is one of the earliest signs of hypertensive heart disease?
A 4th heart sound
What is a common consequence of inadequately treated hypertension.
Ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke
What would be the best form of treatment of HTN?
Exercise
Low-sodium, high potassium diet
Methods to improve sleep
Medication (including diuretics,ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, and Ca channel blockers).
