hypertension

Question 1

diagnosis of hypertension

Answer 1

above 140/80
home reading 135/85

Question 2

causes of hypertension

Answer 2

essential hypertension (90%)
ROPED
renal disease
obesity
pregnancy-induced hypertension
endocrine
drugs (alcohol, steroids, NSAIDs, oestrogen)

Question 3

most common cause of secondary hypertension

Answer 3

renal artery stenosis
- diagnosed with duplex ultrasound or MR or CT angiogram

Question 4

management of hypertension age 55 > or black african

Answer 4

first line: CCB
second line: CCB + ACEi or ARB or thiazide-like diuretic
third line: ACEi or ARBs + CCB + thiazide like diuretic

Question 5

managements of hypertension age < 55

Answer 5

step one: ACEi or ARB
step two: ACEi or ARB + CCB or thiazide diuretic
step three: ACEi or ARB + CCB + thiazide diuretic

Question 6

first line management of hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes

Answer 6

ACEi or ARB

Question 7

how does spironolactone work

Answer 7

potassium sparing diuretic
blocking action of aldosterone in the kidneys resulting in sodium excretion and potassium reabsorption
- helpful when thiazide diuretics are causing hypokalaemia

Question 8

what is hypertensive emergency

Answer 8

blood pressure above 180/120
with retinal haemorrhages or papilloedema

Question 9

management of hypertensive emergency

Answer 9

admit to hospital
IV:
- sodium nitroprusside
- labetalol
- glyceryl trinitrate
- nicardipine