Cardiac drugs Flashcards
side effects of ACE inhibitors
cough
angioedema
hyperkalaemia
first dose hypotension
moa of ACE inhibitors
inhibit the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
-> vasodilation and reduced BP
-> reduce stimulation for aldosterone release -> decrease in sodium and water retention by the kidneys
what is the only CCB licensed for use in heart failure
amlodipine
examples of thiazide like diuretics
indapamide
side effects of adenosine
chest pain
bronchospasm- not given in asthmatics
transient flushing
can enhance conduction down accessory pathways, resulting in increased ventricular rate (e.g. WPW syndrome)
moa of statins
inhibit the action of HMG-CoA reductase
the rate-limiting enzyme in hepatic cholesterol synthesis
adverse effects of statins
myopathy
liver impairment: check LFTS 3 + 12 months
intracerebral haemorrhage in patients with stroke
contraindications of statins
macrolides (erythromycin, clarithromycin)
pregnancy
who should get a statin
all people with established CVD (stroke, TIA, ischaemic heart disease, PAD)
anyone with a 10 year risk > 10%
when should you take your statin
at night
cautions and contraindications of ace inhibitors
pregnancy
renovascular disease (renal artery stenosis)
aortic stenosis (hypotension)
rate limiting CCB
verapamil
- used in AF patients with ashtma
sight of action of furosemide
ascending loop of henle
what medication should be avoided in patients with HOCM
ACE inhibitors
moa of warfarin
inhibits epoxide reductase preventing the reduction of vitamin K to hydroquinone form
acts as cofactor in carboxylation clotting factor II, VII, IX and X (1972) and protein C
indications for warfarin
mechanical heart valves
second line after DOACs
APTT and PT in patients taking warfarin
prolonged PT and normal APTT
side effects of warfarin
haemorrhage
teratogenic
skin necrosis
purple toes
drugs that can prolong QT interval
amiodarone, sotalol
tricyclic antidepressants, SSRIs (citalopram)
methadone
chloroquine
terfeanadine
erythromycin
haloperidol
ondansetron
what is adenosine used for
supraventricular tachycardias
moa of adenosine
causes transient heart block in the AV node
agonist of the A1 receptor in the AV node
