Hypertension Flashcards
What is Hypertension?
Hypertension is defined as a consistent increase in arterial blood pressure.
Above what BP is HT defined?
Above 140 systolic and 90 diastolic mmHg
What 4 modifiable risk factors can lead to HT?
High salt intake
Smoking
Obesity
Physical inactivity
What 2 non-modifiable risk factors lead to HT?
Age
Family History
What symptoms are experienced with HT?
There are no signs or symptoms presented (asymptomatic)
What 6 symptoms are presented during severe cases of HT?
Headache
Chest pain
Blurred vision
Dizziness
Difficulty breathing
Irregular heartbeat
What 6 common drugs are used in the treatment of HT? - with examples
Alpha blocker (Doxazosin)
Beta blocker (Bisoprolol)
ARBs (Losartan)
ACE inhibitors (Ramipril)
CCBs (Amlodipine)
Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics ( Bendro and Indapamide)
What are the 3 classifications of HT and the BP values?
Stage 1 HT - 140/90mmHg (Clinic) and 135/85mmHg (H/A)
Stage 2 HT - 160/100mmHg (Clinic) and 150/95mmHg (H/A)
Severe HT - 180/110mmHg (Clinic)
What are the BP targets for patients with HT and T1DM?
The BP targets for these patients are <135/85mmHg and <130/80mmHg if albuminuria and 2 or more metabolic syndromes are present.
What is the preferred HT treatment in patients with T1DM? And why?
The preferred antihypertensive treatment in patients with T1DM are ARBs as they delay the progression of diabetic neuropathy.
What are the BP targets for patients with HT and T2DM?
The BP targets for these patients are <140/90mmHg if they are under 80 and <150/90mmHg if they are over 80.
What are the preferred HT treatment in patients with T2DM? And why?
The preferred initial antihypertensive treatment in patients with T2DM are ACE/ARBs they are first choice due to possible reno-protective effects.
What are the BP targets for patients with HT + Renal disease?
The BP targets for these patients are <140/90mmHg if they have a ACR <70mg/mmol and <130/80mmHg if they have diabetes or a ACR >70mg/mmol.
What is the preferred HT treatment in patients with Renal disease? And why?
The preferred antihypertensive drugs used for patients with renal disease are ACE/ARBs as they also reduce the incidence of end stage renal failure.
At what BP should pregnant women be offered antihypertensive treatment?
Women who present with a sustained BP of 140/90mmHg or higher
What is the BP targets for pregnant women with HT?
The target for these patients should be 135/85mmHg
What antihypertensive drugs are used in the management of HT in pregnant women? And why?
Labetalol is offered first line, or PR nifedipine or methyldopa are used to manage HT these are safe to use in pregnancy and do not increase the risk of birth defects.
What is the normal BP range?
90/60mmHg - 120/80mmHg
What are the two types of HT and the causes?
Primary HT - no identifiable cause
Secondary HT occurs due to underlying cause such as renal, endocrine disorders and certain drug use
