Venous Thromboembolism Flashcards
What is meant by Venous Thromboembolism?
VTE is the term used to describe the formation of a blood clot that occurs in the vein resulting in partial or complete obstruction of blood flow.
What are the two types of VTE?
DVT and PE
Where does DVT occur?
Deep vein thrombosis occurs in a deep vein located in the lower leg, thigh or pelvis.
Where does PE occur?
Pulmonary embolism occurs when a thrombus breaks off and obstructs blood flow to the lungs causing respiratory dysfunction.
What are the 8 risk factors leading to the development of VTE?
Surgery
Trauma
Significant immobility
Malignancy
Obesity
Hypercoaguable states
Pregnancy/ Postpartum period
Hormonal therapy
What are the 5 symptoms experienced with DVT?
Unilateral localised pain
Swelling
Tenderness
Skin changes
Veins swelling
What are the 3 symptoms experienced with PE?
Chest pain
SOB
Haemoptysis (Blood in mucus)
What are the 4 drugs commonly used in the treatment of VTE?
DOACs
Vit K antagonist
LMWH
Dabigatran
What 7 drugs can be used in renal impaired patients to treat VTE?
Apixaban
Rivaroxaban
LMWH
UH
Vit K antagonist
Dabigatran
Edoxaban
What 2 drugs can be used for VTE treatment in pregnancy?
LMWH
UH
What are the 2 methods of thromboprophylaxis ?
Mechanical
Pharmacological
What mechanical methods can be used for VTE prophylaxis?
Anti-embolism stockings provide graduated compression producing calf pressure of 14-15mmHg
What 5 drugs are commonly used in the prophylaxis of VTE?
LMWH
UH
DOAC
Aspirin
Dabigatran
In renal impairment what VTE prophylaxis is recommended?
LMWH or UH
When should VTE prophylaxis be offered in pregnancy!
It should be offered to all pregnant women, or women who have given birth, had a miscarriage or terminated a birth within the last 6 weeks.
What drugs are used for VTE prophylaxis in pregnancy?
LMWH
