Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Hypertension > Flashcards

Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

4 classes of hypertension drugs

A

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
Calcium channel blockers
Thiazide or thiazide like diuretics
Angiotensin receptor blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name three types of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors

A

Ramipril
Lisinopril
Perindopril

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name two types of calcium channel blockers

A

Amlodipine
Felodipine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name 2 examples of thiazide or thiazide-like diuretics

A

Bendro- flumethiazide
Indapamide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name 3 types of angiotensin receptor blockers

A

Losartan
Irbesartan
Candesartan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the primary mechanism of action of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors?

A

Inhibit the angiotensin converting enzyme. Prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the primary mechanism of action of calcium channel blockers?

A

Block L type calcium channels - predominantly on vascular smooth muscle

Decrease in calcium influx, with downstream inhibition of myosin light chain kinase and prevention of cross bridge formation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the primary mechanism of action of thiazie or thiazide like diuretics?

A

They block Na+, Cl- co transporter in the early DCT. Therefore Na+ and Cl- reabsorption is inhibited.
Decreasing osmotic gradient for water reabsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the primary mechanism of angiotensin receptor blockers?

A

Act as non competitive antagonists at AT1 receptor ( found on kidneys and vasculature)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the drug target of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors?

A

Angiotensin converting enzyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the drug target of calcium channel blockers?

A

L- type calcium channel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the drug target of thiazide or thiazide like diuretics?

A

Sodium/ Chloride co transporter in early DCT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the drug target of angiotensin recpetor blockers?

A

Angiotensin recpetor found on kidneys and on the vasculature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the main side effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors?

A

Cough
Hypotension
Hyperkalaemia
Foetal Injury (avoid in pregnant women)
Renal failure ( in patients with renal artery stenosis)
Urticaria/ Angioedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the main side effects of calcium channel blockers?

A

Ankle oedema
Constipation
Palpitations
Flushing/Headaches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the main side effects of thiazide or thiazide like diuretics?

A

Hypokalemia
Hyponatremia
Metabolic alkalosis (increased hydrogen ion excretion)
Hypercalcemia
Hyperglycaemi (hyper polarised pancreatic beta cells)
Hyperuricemia

17
Q

What are the main side effects of angiotensin recpetor blockers?

A

Hypotension
Hyperkalaemia
Foetal Injury ( avoid with pregnant women)
Renal failure ( renal artery stenosis patients)

18
Q

What extra information should you note about angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors?

A

Most ACE inhibitors ( no lisinopril) ar epro drugs. Therefore require hepatic activation.

eGFR and serum potassium must be regularly monitored

ACE inhibitors are typically used ahead of angiotensin 2 receptor blockers (partly due to cost/partly due to evidence that ACE Is are more effective).

ARBs for patients of African or Caribbean descent

19
Q

What extra information should you note about calcium chaannel blockers?

A

Dihudropyridine type calcium channel blockers demonstrate a higher degree of vascular selectivity

20
Q

What extra information should you note about thiazide or thiazide like diuretics?

A

Both lose their therapeutic effect within 1-2 weeks of treatment

21
Q

What extra information should you note about angiotensin recpetor blockers?

A

Most trials suggest not as effective as ACE inhibitors
Losartan and Candersatan are pro drugs

22
Q

What scoring is used to measure the risk of a patient having a heart attack or stroke in the next 10 years?

A

QRISK3

23
Q

Define Clearance

A

Clearance is the measure of the ability of the body to eliminate a drug.

24
Q

Define Elimination half-life

A

Elimination half-life is the length of time required for the concentration of a particular drug to decrease to half of its starting dose in the body

25
Q

What influences Time to peak plasma plasma levels

A

faster the absorption rate, the lower is the time to peak plasma concentration

26
Q

Differences between treating with amlodipine and felodipine

A

Amlodipine has slow onset and longer half life - mitigate reflex tachycardia

Felodipine results in dose dependent reduction in systolic and diastolic bp

27
Q

What is the order of hypertension drugs?

A

Calcium channel blocker

ACEi for most but ARB for THE BLACKS

If not Thiazide like diuretics

28
Q

What checks should be made following ACEi onset?

A

check renal function (eGFR), serum electrolytes (especially blood potassium) and blood pressure 1-2 weeks after starting treatment.

Pharmacology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions