Hypertension

Question 1

Normal blood pressure?

Answer 1

120 / 80

Question 2

Equation for mean arterial pressure?

Answer 2

MAP = SV x HR x TPR

Question 3

Explain the MOA of ace inhibitors

Answer 3

They prevent ACE from converting angiotensin 1 into angiotensin 2

Question 4

What effects does angiotensin 2 have?

Answer 4

Causes vasoconstriction, sodium retention, aldosterone release, etc

Question 5

Which drug class can increase bradykinin levels?

Answer 5

Ace inhibitors

Question 6

Prefix for ace inhibitors?

Answer 6

-pril

Question 7

Sartans are also known as?

Answer 7

Angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonists (the receptor that angiotensin 2 binds to)

Question 8

Name 2 angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonists

Answer 8

Candesartan and irbesartan

Question 9

Name an alpha adrenoreceptor antagonist that acts centrally

Answer 9

Prazosin

Question 10

Prazosin MOA?

Answer 10

Alpha 1 blocker that causes vasodilation, decreased TPR and reduced muscle tone. Acts on vascular smooth muscle

Question 11

Explain use of methyldopa in hypertension

Answer 11

Reduces sympathetic tone

Question 12

Name 2 centrally acting anti hypertensives

Answer 12

Clonidine and methyldopa. Both alpha 2 agonists

Question 13

Name 2 beta blockers that are specific to heart

Answer 13

Atenolol and metoprolol

Question 14

Which endogenous molecule normally binds to the beta receptor?

Answer 14

Adrenaline and noradrenaline

Question 15

Where do Dihydropyradines act?

Answer 15

More potent on blood vessels than in the heart

Question 16

Name 2 dihydropyradines

Answer 16

Amlodipine and nifedipine

Question 17

Verapamil and diltiazem are examples of which drug class?

Answer 17

Non-dihydropyradine CCBs

Question 18

Where do non-dihydropyradines act?

Answer 18

In the heart.

Question 19

Reducing BP increases afterload. True or false

Answer 19

False

Question 20

CCBs reduce contractility by acting on contractile cells. What effect do they have on autorhythmic cells?

Answer 20

Block the calcium channels that are needed for depolarisation. Therefore, decrease AP rate in SA and AV node, therefore reducing heart rate

Question 21

Name a thiazide diuretic

Answer 21

Hydrochlorothiazide