Hypertension Flashcards
Initial Therapy for Hypertension
Thiazide Diuretics
Your patient is hypertensive and with chronic gout. What medication should you NOT give?
Thiazide
CI: DM, GOUT, Dyslipidemia, Hyperuricemia, Hypokalemia
What is the adverse effect of using Loop Diuretics?
Ototoxicity
You are choosing between two drugs (ACEi and ARBs). Which one would produce less coughing?
ARBs
Prazosin and Terazosin are under what drug class?
Selective Alpha Antagonists
Which sympatholytic drug ia preferred for gestational hypertension?
Methyldopa
Give one non-selective Beta Blocker commonly used as anti-hypertension.
Propanolol
Your patient has a BP of 140/90. Under JNC 7, your patient has hypertension stage ___?
JNC 7
Normal < 120 <80
PreHTN 120-139 80-89
Stage 1 140-159 90-99
Stage 2 >=160 >=100
Your patient has a BP of 140/90. Under the ACC/AHA Guidelines, your patient has hypertension stage __?
ACC/AHA
Normal <120 <80
Elevated 120-129 <80
Stage 1 130-139 80-89
Stage 2 >=140 >=140
Most common cause of Secondary Hypertension
Primary Renal Disease
Your patient, 20/F, was diagnosed with Secondary Hypertension presenting with abrupt onset hypertension, flash pulmonary edema and abdominal bruits. What is the cause of her hypertension?
Renovascular Disease
Screening Test for Secondary HTN caused by Renovascular Disease.
Renal Duplex Doppler UTZ
Your patient, 55/F, was diagnosed with Secondary Hypertension presenting with hypertension with spontaneous hypokalemia and an adrenal mass. What is the cause of her hypertension?
Primary Hyperaldosteronism
- HTN with spontaneous hypoK
- Adrenal Mass
- Arrhythmias from hypoK
Screening Test for Secondary HTN due to Primary Hyperaldosteronism
Plasma aldosterone/renin ratio
Your patient, 38/F, was diagnosed with Secondary Hypertension presenting with hypertension, hematuria, urinary symptoms and elevated creatinine. What is the cause of her hypertension?
Renal Parenchymal Disease
Screening Test for Secondary Hypertension due to Renal Parenchymal Disease
Renal Ultrasound
Your patient, 49/M, with a BMI of 32, was diagnosed with Secondary Hypertension presenting with resistant hypertension. He also mentioned that he has problems in his work due to daytime sleepiness.
What is the cause of her hypertension?
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Screening Test for Secondary Hypertension due to Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Berlin Questionnaire
How to differentiate Hypertensive Urgency from Emergency?
Hypertensive Emergency
- presence of target organ damage
Management for Hypertensive Emergency
Admit to ICU and manage based on the presence of compelling conditions.
Hypertensive Emergency with Compelling conditions (aortic dissection, severe pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, pheochromocytoma crisis).
SBP should be reduced to <140mmHg during the 1st hour and to <120mmHg in aortic dissection.
Hypertensive Emergency without compelling conditions.
SBP should be reduced by no more than 25% within the 1st hour; then is stable to 160/100mmHg within the next 2-6hrs; and then to normal during the following 24-48hrs.
How to compute for MAP?
MAP = DP + 1/3PP or MAP = DP + 1/3(SBP-DBP)
