Hypersensitivity

Question 1

What can cause hypersensitivty reactions

Answer 1

Infection
Harmless enviromental substances
Self-Antigen

Question 2

What mediates a type I hypersensitivity reaction

Answer 2

Degranulation of mast cells and eosinophils

Question 3

Describe the effects of a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction

Answer 3

immediate reaction to enviromental antigens
Rapid (mins)
IgE

Question 4

What is type 1 hypersensitivty associated with

Answer 4

Atopy (allergy)

Question 5

What symptoms can people get with type 1 hypersensitivity

Answer 5

Anaphylaxis
Angiooidema
urticaria
rhintis
asthma
dermatitis

Question 6

What produces IgE needed for type I

Answer 6

B cells produce is when costimulated with IL-4

Question 7

What is urticaria

Answer 7

itchy edema of the cutaneous tissue

short lived

Question 8

What is the treatment options for type 1 hyperses

Answer 8

B2 adrenergic agonists (salbutamol)
Epinephrine (adrenaline)
Antihistamines
Corticosteroids

Question 9

What antibodies are involved in type 3 hypersensitivity

Answer 9

IgG or IgM

Question 10

What is the process of type 2

Answer 10

The IgG or IgM interacts with antigens on the surface of cells. This allerts the complement or phagocyte system and tells it to destroy the cell. it is the basis of autoimmunitiy

Question 11

What is the time scale of type II

Answer 11

takes several hours

Question 12

what are examples of type 2

Answer 12

Blood groups
Immune mediated haemolysis 
- Alloimmune haemolysis (rhesus)
- autoimmine haemolysis 
-Goodpasture syndrome
- Graves disease

Question 13

Antibody is on blood that identifies its blood group

Answer 13

IgM

Question 14

What antibody is involved with Rhesus

Answer 14

IgG

Question 15

What antibody is involved in good pasture

Answer 15

IgG

Question 16

What antibodies are responsible for type III hypersensitivity

Answer 16

IgG and IgM

Question 17

What is the process of type 3

Answer 17

IgG or IgM bind to free floating antigens and form immune complexes. These complexes cause damage at the site of production or circulate and cause damage somewhere else. Normally the complement system clears these out of the system but if this fails then you get large immune complexes which cause disease

Question 18

What conditions are caused by type 3 hypersensitivity

Answer 18

Glomerulonephritis

Question 19

What mediates the type 4 hypersens

Answer 19

T cells

Question 20

What is the time scale of type 4 hypersens

Answer 20

2-3 day

its called the delayed onset hypersens

Question 21

Pre-sensitised T cells are produced from a previous contact with the antigen. Upon reexposure to the same antigen the T helper cells release inflammatory cytokines.

T killer cells induce cytotoxic reactions.

Question 22

What are type 4 conditions

Answer 22

Rheumatoid arthrtis
multiple sclerosis
type I diabetes
coeliac disease
Contact dermatitis

Question 23

What is the antigen that drives the reaction in rheumatoid

Answer 23

citrillunated proteins

Question 24

What is the antigen that drives the reaction in MS

Answer 24

myelin

Question 25

What is the antigen that drives the reaction in diabetes

Answer 25

Pancreatic islet cells

Question 26

What is the antigen that drives the reaction in coeliac disease

Answer 26

gladin

Question 27

What is the antigen that drives the reaction in contact dermatitis

Answer 27

weeds