Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LCRS Endocrinology > Hypersecretion of anterior pituitary hormones > Flashcards

Hypersecretion of anterior pituitary hormones Flashcards

1
Q

What is hyperpituitarism?

A

Excess production of adenohypophysial hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the most common cause of hyperpituitarism?

A

Isolated pituitary tumours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What other organ does it often lead to problems with?

A

Eyes- visual field defects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is bitemporal hemianopia?

A

A pituitary tumour projects out of the sella turcica and interferes with the optic chiasm especially the fibres coming from the nasal parts of the retinae which leads to loss of the temporal part of the visual field

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is hyperpituitarism of corticotrophin known as?

A

Cushing’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is hyperprolactinaemia?

A

Excess circulating prolactin when not due to a physiological cause such as pregnancy and breast feeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the most common type of prolactinoma?

A

Microadenoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the effect of high prolactin levels on the reproductive axis?

A

Decreases LH and FSH leading to secondary amenorrhoea, galactorrhea, loss of libido and infertility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is excess somatotrophin known as in children and adults?

A 
Children= Gigantism
Adults= Acromegaly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the difference between gigantism and acromegaly?

A

In adults (acromegaly), the growth plates of the long bones have already fused so there is no longer a possibility of an increase in height but you still get other effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the onset of acromegaly like?

A

Insidious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

If gigantism/acromegaly is untreated, what happens?

A

Increase in morbidity/mortality due to mainly cardiac and respiratory problems- organ growth=increased demand for oxygen- big struggle for CVS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In acromegaly, what is their increased growth of? (5)

A 
Periosteal bone
Cartilage
Fibrous tissue
Connective tissue
Internal organs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are common clinical manifestations of acromegaly? (13)

A 
Enlargement of supraorbital ridges
Enlargement of nose, hands and feet
Thickening of lips
General coarseness of features
Hyperhydrosis
Prognathism
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Joint pain
Barrel chest
Galactorrhea
Menstrual abnormalities, decreased libido and impotence 
Hypertension
Diabetes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

When your hands shake due to increased cartilaginous growth increasing the pressure on the nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do you diagnose hyperpituitarism?

A

Suppression test

17
Q

In a normal case, what should happen to GH if you give glucose?

A

Hypoglycaemia is used to stimulate GH release so glucose will inhibit GH release and GH levels will decrease with an eventual increase at the end

18
Q

In acromegaly, what happens to GH if you give glucose?

A

There is a paradoxical increase in GH

19
Q

What is the main treatment of acromegaly?

A

Surgery- transphenoidal hypophysectomy

20
Q

What are the other treatments for acromegaly?

A

Radiotherapy
Chemotherapy
Somatostatin analogues e.g octreotide
Dopamine analogues e.g. bromocriptine and cabergoline

21
Q

What is the problem with radiotherapy?

A

If you do it over a long time you will end up becoming hypopituitary

22
Q

When is octreotide used?

A

Short term use before surgery (it can reduce the size of the tumour)

23
Q

How is octreotide administered?

A

Subcutaneous or intramuscular

24
Q

What are the side effects of octreotide?

A

GI tract disturbances
Initial reduction in insulin secretion
Gallstones (rarely)

25
Q

How is prolactinaemia treated?

A

Dopamine receptor agonists

26
Q

What is the effect of dopamine on prolactin?

A

It inhibits prolactin release

27
Q

Give two examples of dopamine receptor agonists?

A

Bromocriptine and cabergoline

28
Q

How does bromocriptine exist normally in the body?

A

Highly inactive- 93% is bound to plasma protein

29
Q

What are the unwanted effects of bromocriptine?

A 
Nausea/vomiting
Dyskinesia
Psychomotor excitation
Postural hypotension
Vasospasm in hands and toes
30
Q

What else is bromocriptine used for?

A

Suppression of lactation
Cyclical benign breast tumours
Parkinsons

31
Q

What are the differences between bromocriptine and cabergoline?

A

Cabergoline- longer half life and side effects less pronounced

LCRS Endocrinology (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions