Hyperopia: Dx, Treatment, And Managment

Question 1

Other names for hyperopia

Answer 1

Hypermetropia or farsightedness

Question 2

What do hyperopia effects vary on?

Answer 2

• magnitude of hyperopia
• age
• statues of accommodative and convergence system
• demands placed on visual system

Question 3

Symptoms of hyperopia

Answer 3

Blurred vision 
Asthenopia 
Accommodative dysfunction 
Bino dysfunction 
Amblyopia
Strabismus

Question 4

Due to normal biological variation, can be of axial or refractive etiology

Answer 4

Simple hyperopia

Question 5

Caused by abnormal ocular anatomy due to maldevelopment, ocular disease, trauma

Answer 5

Pathological hyperopia

Question 6

Result from paralysis of accommodation

Answer 6

Function hyperopia

Question 7

Consists of an error of +2.00 or less

Answer 7

Low hyperopia

Question 8

Moderate hyperopia

Answer 8

+2.25-+5.00

Question 9

high hyperopia

Answer 9

+5.00 or more

Question 10

That which can be overcome by accommodation

Answer 10

Faculatative hyperopia

Question 11

Cannot be compensated with accommodation

Answer 11

Absolute hyperopia

Presbyopia

Question 12

What is the total magnitude of hyperopia

Answer 12

Sum of absolute and faculatative hyperopia

Question 13

Classification of hyperopia can also be based on outcomes of what

Answer 13

Noncyclo and cyclo refraction

Question 14

Determined by noncycloplegic refraction, may be either facultative or abolsute

Answer 14

Manifest hyperopia

Question 15

Detected only by cyclo refraction, can be overcome by accommodation

Answer 15

Latent hyperopia

Question 16

The sum of latent and manifest hyperopia is equal to the what

Answer 16

Magnitude of hyperopia

Question 17

Defined as any degree of hyperopia sufficient to cause symptoms requiring remediation

Answer 17

Significant hyperopia

Blur
Inefficient
Causes discomfort

Question 18

________ persisting beyond 3 years of age is also a risk factor for the development of strabismus and amblyopia

Answer 18

Anisometropic hyperopia

Question 19

Infants with high hyperopia more likely for what

Answer 19

To remain significantly hyperopic throughout childhood

Question 20

During the years of presbyopia development, ___________ may become manifest, requiring the use of both distance and near correction

Answer 20

Latent hyperopia

Question 21

Presbyopia brings an increase in ___________, causing blur, especially at near

Answer 21

Hyperopia

Question 22

What is the most common symptom of hyperopia

Answer 22

Ocular fatigue (asthenopia)

Question 23

What is a common symptom of hyperopia in kids

Answer 23

Red or tearing eyes

Question 24

Common symptoms of hyperopia

Answer 24

• red/tearing eyes
• squinting
• fatigue
• frequent blinking
• blurred vision
• focusing problems
• decreases bino and hand eye coordination
• aversion to reading

Question 25

Are there any complaints that are pathonomonic of hyperopia?

Answer 25

No

Question 26

What increases the likelihood that a young patient has hyperopia

Answer 26

Positive family history

Question 27

Effect of hyperopia on VA depends on

Answer 27

Magnitude Age Visual demands Accommodative amplitude

Question 28

What are patietns that are moderate to high hyperopia have a risk of

Answer 28

Refractive and strabismic amblyopia

Question 29

What kind of refraction do you do for hyperopia

Answer 29

``` Static ret Nearpoint ret Cyclo ret Subjective refraction AR (wet) ```

Question 30

Dx tests for hyperopia

Answer 30

``` Versions Monocular and alternating CT NPC Amp of ACC and facility Steropsis ```

Question 31

Factors to consider when planning treatment and management strategies are

Answer 31

- magnitude of hyperopia - presence of astig - age - previous spectacle Rx - esotropia/amblyopia - accommodation and convergence - demands on visual system

Question 32

__________ of the refractive error with spectacles and contact lenses is the most commonly used modality

Answer 32

Optical correction

Question 33

What are some of the other corrections of refractive error (hyperopia) other than glasses

Answer 33

- VT - modification of patients habits no environment - pharmaceutical agents - refractive surgery may also be useful in treating some patients

Question 34

What is the primary modality for treating significant hyperopia

Answer 34

Correction with spectacles

Question 35

Who generally requires only a short period of adaptation to tolerate full optical correction

Answer 35

Young children with accommodative esotropia and hyperopia

Question 36

Who is mor likely to accept the full Rx for hyperopia

Answer 36

Patients with absolute hyperopia

Question 37

Who does not tolerate the full correction of hyperopia indicated under cyclo?

Answer 37

Latent hyperopia

Question 38

Patients with latent hyperopia who prove intolerant to the use of full or partial hyperopic correction may benefit from what

Answer 38

Initially wearing the correction only for near viewing

Question 39

Optical correction for hyperopia

Answer 39

Work towards full correction

Question 40

What situations would mandate prescribing full correction in hyperopia?

Answer 40

Amblyopia in children

Question 41

When normal acuity is not expected by the practitoner what must they do

Answer 41

Diagnose and explain to the patient

Question 42

What must you do when new lenses differ dramatically from the habitual?

Answer 42

Adaptive education is necessary

Question 43

If comfort and lens wear compliance are not obtained

Answer 43

Lens Rx should be reevaluated

Question 44

Who would you use pharmaceuticals on for hyperopia treatment?

Answer 44

Developmentally delayed

Question 45

What is the goal in treating hyperopia

Answer 45

Reduce accommodative demand and to provide clear, comfortable vision and normal bino

Question 46

What should each hyperopic patient be considered in terms of?

Answer 46

- age - degree of symptoms - amount of hyperopia - VA - bino function - efficiency during performance of visual tasks - astig - anisometropia - previous rx