Hypermobility Spectrum Disorder Flashcards
What is hypermobility?
A pain syndrome in people with joints that move beyond normal limits due to laxity of ligaments, capsules, and tendons
Often referred to as being ‘double-jointed’.
What percentage of the population is affected by hypermobility?
10%
Only a few individuals are symptomatic.
In which demographic groups is hypermobility more common?
Women and Asian people
Often familial.
At what age does hypermobility usually present?
Childhood or young adulthood
What are common symptoms of hypermobility?
Pain around the joints, fatigue, and possible recurrent subluxations or dislocations
Pain is worse after activity.
List some other features associated with hypermobility.
- Soft tissue rheumatism (e.g., epicondylitis)
- Abnormal skin (papyraceous scars, hyperextensible, thin, striae)
- Marfanoid habitus
- Arachnodactyly
- Drooping eyelids, myopia
- Hernias and uterine/rectal prolapses
What is the main aim of treatment for hypermobility?
To improve pain and reduce disability
What is the mainstay of treatment for hypermobility?
Non-drug therapy
Focuses on strengthening exercises, posture, and balance.
What are some non-drug therapies for hypermobility?
- Strengthening exercises
- Work on posture and balance
- Splinting
- Surgical interventions may be needed
What pharmacological therapy is recommended for hypermobility?
Paracetamol
There is no good evidence base for other medications.
What is the Beighton score?
A scoring system to assess hypermobility, with a maximum of 9 points
What is the first maneuver in the Beighton score?
Can you put your hands flat on the floor with your knees straight?
True or False: Genetic testing is needed to differentiate between hypermobility spectrum disorder and other connective tissue disorders.
True
Name three heritable connective tissue disorders.
- Hypermobility Spectrum Disorder (HSD)
- Marfan syndrome
- Ehlers Danlos syndrome
How many subtypes of Ehlers Danlos syndrome are there?
13
Each with distinct genetic mutations.
