Hyperlipidemia Patho and Patient Assessment

Question 1

Cholesterol

Soft,lipid substance

Answer 1

Too much cholesterol leads to the development of artherosclerotic plaques because it has no where to go

Question 2

Lipoprotein

Answer 2

Used in the transport of lipids through the extracellular fluid around the body

Question 3

Triglycerides(TG)

Answer 3

• Excess energy stored within fat cells in body
• Used as energy source between meal proteins

Question 4

Very low density lipoproteins(VLDL)

Answer 4

• Composed of a majority of TGs

Question 5

Intermediate Density Lipoproteins(IDL)

Answer 5

• Formed from VLDL degradation, precursor to LDL synthesis

Question 6

Low Density Lipoproteins(LDL)

Answer 6

• ApoB is the major component of LDL

Question 7

Lp(a)

Answer 7

Contributes to artherosclerosis by inhibiting thrombolysis

Question 8

High Density Lipoproteins(HDL)

Answer 8

ApoA the major component of HDL

Question 9

Lipid Panel

Answer 9

• Laboratory test
• Ideally after a 9-12 hour fast
• Draw 4-12 weeks after initiation or change in lipid lowering therapy

Non-HDL equation
Non-HDL=TC-HDL

Question 10

Hyperlipidemia

Answer 10

Includes metabolic disorders that involves an elevation in any lipoprotein species

Major sequela–>artherosclerosis

Question 11

Hyperlipemia

Answer 11

Increased triglyceride levels

Major sequela–>pancreatitis

Question 12

Cholesterol Panel

Answer 12

• Low density lipoprotein—>Carries lipids from the liver to tissues
• High Density lipoproteins–>Carries excess lipids to the liver for elimination
• Triglycerides–>Type of fat transported in the bloodstream and stored in fat

Question 13

Atherosclerosis

“Hardening of the arteries”

Answer 13

• Chronic,lipid driven inflammatory disease of the arterial wall leading to plaque
• Cause of most CVD events

Question 14

Artery Layers

Answer 14

• Intima
• Media
• Adventitia

Endothelial cells lining intravascular walls, maintain structural metabolic, and signaling functions to maintain homeostais

Question 15

What impacts the lipid panel and atherosclerosis?

Answer 15

• Cigarette smoking
• Diabetes
• Hypertension

Question 16

Cigarette smoking

Answer 16

• Reduces HDL
• Impacts cholesterol retrieval, increases oxidation of lipoproteins
• Cytotoxic effects to endothelium
• Increases thrombogenesis

Question 17

Diabetes

Answer 17

Major source of oxidative stress

Question 18

Hypertension

Answer 18

Increases atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

Question 19

How do we determine if/when to treat a patient?

Answer 19

• Clinical ASCVD
• ASCVD Risk Score
• Lipid Panel
• Coronary Artery Calcium Score

Question 20

Secondary prevention

Answer 20

Once clinical ASCVD is established, patients recieve lipid lowering therapy

Question 21

ASCVD Risk Score

Answer 21

• Calculated for patients who have NOT had an ASCVD event
• Determines risk of having an ASCVD event
• Can calculate a 10-year and lifetime risk

Question 22

Primary Prevention

Answer 22

Calculate an ASCVD risk in all patients 40 years and older who have NOT had an ASCVD event to determine if lipid lowering therapy is necessary

Question 23

Coronary Atrtery Calcium Score(CAC)

Answer 23

CT scan that measures the amount of calcified plaque in the coronary arteries