Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Role 3 > Hyperlipidemia > Flashcards

Hyperlipidemia Flashcards

1
Q

Hyperlipidemia vs hypercholesterolemia

A

hyperlipidemia=high levels of LDL or triglycerides

hypercholesterolemia=high levels of cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

secondary dyslipidemia (levels are either high or low) lab work up

A

UA (looking for metabolic syndrome), TSH, LFTs, A1C, FBS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

HDL over what is a negative risk factor for CHD

A

60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Are triglycerides an independent risk factor for CHD?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Premature arches cornealis

A

a deposit of phospholipid and cholesterol in the peripheral cornea. hazy white, grey, or blue opaque ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Lipemia retinalis

A

abnormal appearance of the retinal arteries and veins caused by increased triglycerides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

normal triglyceride level

A

<150

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

desirable total cholesterol level

A

<200

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Optimal LDL level

A

<100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

when do you do a follow up appointment after a statin is started?

A

6-8 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bile Sequestrants and Fibrates work best on what?

A

triglycerides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Fibrate examples

A

Gemfibrozil (Lopid), Fenofibrate, Clofibrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Gemfibrozil (Lopid), Fenofibrate, Clofibrate are examples are what

A

Fibrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What medications do you need to be careful with when giving a fibrate?

A

coumadin and oral hypoglycemic agents for DM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

If CK levels are elevated and patient is experiencing muscle weakness, what 3 things could you do?

A

Change to something different OR
Change to different Statin OR
Start Statin at a lower dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the ASCVD risk factor for a diabetic, CKD or other people with 2 or more risk factors?

A

high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

is ASCVD screening the same for women and men?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

If an older adult (65 years or older) has a risk factor of 0-1 how often should you screen for dyslipidemia?

A

annually

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

when do you start evaluating young adults for dyslipidemia and how often

A

at 20 years old and every 5 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

middle aged adults (45-65) with no ASCVD risk factors should be screened for dyslipidemia how often?

A

every 1-2 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Simon Broome Register Diagnostic Criteria
Dutch Lipid Clinic Network Diagnostic Criteria
U.S. MEDPED

A

3 clinical diagnostic tools used for Familial Hypercholesterolemia diagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What criteria does this fit?

Premature ASCVD, fasting LDL-C >190 mg/dL, the presence of tendon xanthomas, full corneal arcus in individuals <40 years of age, or a family history of high cholesterol and/or premature ASCVD1

A

Factors that lead to an FH diagnosis include

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what does alcohol affect?

A

triglycerides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

a very high triglyceride level and low HDL signals what?

A

insulin resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

a low HDL

A

<40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

An increased total cholesterol and LDL levels could be caused by what secondary causes?

A
  • Hypothyroid
  • Nephrosis (protein in urine)
  • Dysgammaglobulinemia (systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple myeloma)
  • Progestin or anabolic steroid treatment,
  • Diseases of the liver due to abnormal lipoproteins
  • Protease inhibitors for treatment of HIV infection
27
Q

AN increase in triglycerides and VLDL could be caused by what secondary causes?

A
  • Chronic renal failure
  • T2DM
  • Obesity
  • Excessive alcohol intake
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Antihypertensive medications (thiazide diuretics and b-adrenergic blocking agents)
  • Corticosteroid therapy
  • Orally administered estrogens, oral contraceptives, pregnancy
  • Protease inhibitors for treatment of HIV infection
28
Q

PCSK9 inhibition example

A

Repatho

29
Q

No ASCVD risk factors is what risk and what should their LDL be?

A

low; <130

30
Q

2 or fewer ASCVD risk factors and a calculated 10-year risk of less than 10% is what risk and what should LDL be?

A

moderate, <100

31
Q

leading cause of mortality in women?

A

ASCVD

32
Q

Can physical activity be broken up throughout the day in 10 minute sessions?

A

yes

33
Q

what constitutes as physical activity?

A

brisk walking, riding a stationary bike, water aerobics, cleaning/scrubbing, mowing the lawn, and sporting activities
(Need to lose at least 200cal/day

34
Q

recommended diet

A

reduced calorie diet with fruits, veggies, grains, fish and lean meats

35
Q

when are omega 3 fish oils good to use? and what are examples?

A

triglycerides >500, Vascepa and Lovaza

36
Q

Question, Welchol, Cholestyramine are example of?

A

bile sequestrants

37
Q

what are bile sequestrants good for? and what bad thing might they increase?

A

lowering LDL and increasing HDL, may increase TG

38
Q

bile acid sequestrants side effects

A

constipation, diarrhea, bloating

39
Q

bile acid sequestrants action

A

bind to bile acids (which contains cholesterol) in the intestine and prevent their reabsorption into the body

40
Q

when are PCSK9 inhibitors used?

A

in combo with Statins or with a person who can’t tolerate a statin

41
Q

cholesterol absorption inhibitor example

A

Zetia (Ezetimibe)

42
Q

Zetia (Ezetimibe) is an example of what?

A

Cholesterol absorption inhibitor

43
Q

rosuvastatin is also called?

A

Crestor

44
Q

Simvastatin is also called?

A

zocor

45
Q

Statins have a potential drug interaction with which drugs?

A

CYP450 3A4 inhibitors, cyclosporine, warfarin, and protease inhibitors (HIV meds)

46
Q

what disease is at increase risk for developing while on statins?

A

diabetes

47
Q

pravastatin is also called

A

pravachol

48
Q

Atorvastatin is also called?

A

Lipitor

49
Q

Alirocumab and Evolocumab are examples of what?

A

PCSK9 inhibitors

50
Q

PCSK9 inhibitors adverse reactions

A

influenza, nasopharyngitis

51
Q

PCSK9 inhibitors are given how often?

A

SQ q 2 weeks

52
Q

If GFR is <15 what should you do with vibrate medication?

A

stop it

53
Q

If GFR is 15-60 what should you do with vibrate medication?

A

cut dose in half

54
Q

Fibrates can improve what diabetic problem?

A

diabetic retinopathy

55
Q

Fibrates can increase what? what are they mainly good for?

A

can increase LDL, good for TG and HDL

56
Q

Fibrates adverse reactions

A

GI symptoms, possible cholelithiasis

57
Q

Fibrates can interact with what other medications?

A

anticoagulants

58
Q

Bile Acid Sequestrants may reduce the absorption of what?

A

folic acid and fat-soluble vitamins such as vitamins A, D, and K

59
Q

Vascepa and Lovaza is an example of what

A

omega 3 fatty acid

60
Q

Omega 3 fatty acid drug interactions

A

coagulation meds. They will prolong bleeding time, also increase ALT

61
Q

when a patient is on a stable lipid lowering medication how often should you check lipids?

A

every 6 to 12 months

62
Q

what should be measured before and 3 months after starting niacin or a fibrate?

A

liver enzymes

63
Q

When are Creatine kinase levels drawn

A

when a patient experiences myalgias or muscle weakness

64
Q

when do you check lipids when starting a new cholesterol med?

A

6-8 weeks

Role 3 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions