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Role 3 > Anemia > Flashcards

Anemia Flashcards

1
Q

3 major causes of anemia

A

Increased Destruction of RBCs (hemolysis)
Autoimmune hemolytic problems

Blood Loss (acute or chronic)

Decreased Production of RBCs
Nutritional, ACD,
bone marrow suppression

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2
Q

RDW

A

looks at different sizes of cells. Anemia is going to be increased b/c the bone marrow will be trying to spit out RBCs as fast as possible

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3
Q

Retic count

A

immature blood cells

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4
Q

MCV is measured by what? and normal level

A

Cytic -size, 80-100

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5
Q

How much elemental iron is absorbed when 200-300mg elemental iron given?

A

50-60mg/day

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6
Q

Iron Tolerance Test and how much will the normal absorption increase the serum iron level by?

A

two iron tablets given on an empty stomach and the serum iron level measured over the next two hours. Normal absorption will result in increaseincrease of serum iron level by 100 ug/dL

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7
Q

How much elemental iron is in a 325mg ferrous sulfate tab?

A

65mg & only 25% is absorbed

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8
Q

A target Hgb for anemia of chronic disease, it should not exceed what

A

11 to 12 g/dL,

hemoglobin should not exceed 13 g/dL.

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9
Q

intrinsic factor involves the destruction of what cells

A

parietal cells

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10
Q

presentation of Prenicious anemia

A

weakness, sore tongue, and paresthesias, weight loss, increased cardiac output, tachycardia

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11
Q

B12 deficiency treatment

A

daily subq for 1 week then twice a week for another 4-5 weeks. Then 100 µg once a month
OR
once a week injections of 1000 µg for 5-6 weeks, followed by monthly injections.

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12
Q

If patient has neurological symptoms with B12 deficiency, how should you treat them? IM/subq or PO?

A

IM/subq

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13
Q

MCV <80

A

Microcytic

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14
Q

how do children with sickle cell with acute chest syndrome usually present

A

fever, chest pain, cough, tachypnea, leukocytosis, and pulmonary infiltrates in the upper lobes

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15
Q

how to adults with sickle cell with acute chest syndrome usually present

A

afebrile, dyspneic with severe chest pain, with multilobar/lower lobe disease

children present with fever

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16
Q

what is a serious complication of sickle cell disease

A

pulmonary hypertension

17
Q

what happens to the ventricles in sickle cell disease

A

they dilate

18
Q

GU complications with sickle cell

A

Kidneys lose concentrating capacity; priapism

19
Q

Dermatologic complication’s with sickle cell

A

Leg ulcers are a chronic painful problemvaso-occlusive crises. The frequency of crises is extremely variable. Some individuals have as many as 6 or more episodes annually, whereas others may have episodes only at great intervals or none at all.

20
Q

2 evidenced based treatment of Sickle cell disease

A

to use Hydroxyurea (anti-cancer) and long-term, periodic blood transfusions

21
Q

Treatment of vast occlusive crisis in the hospital for SCD

A

Rapid initiation of opioids for the treatment of severe pain associated with a vaso-occlusive crisis
Use of analgesics and physical therapy for the treatment of avascular necrosis

22
Q

Which oral antibiotic is used prophylactically for SCD in children up to 5 years?

A

penicillin

23
Q

Annual transcranial Doppler examinations should be done for SCD between which ages. And what should they be getting if abnormal transcranial Doppler velocity (≥200 cm/s) to prevent stroke in children?

A

ages of 2 and 16

Long-term transfusion therapy

24
Q

In patients with sickle cell anemia, preoperative transfusion therapy should be used to increase hemoglobin levels to

A

10 g/dl

25
Q

MCH and level

A

Chromic, color, normal:27-31

26
Q

normal retic count

A

0.5-1.5.

27
Q

normal iron levels

A

50-150

28
Q

normal transferrin level

A

200-430

29
Q

Normocytic anemias are due to what

A

blood loss or chronic disease

30
Q

what tests should be done with microcytic anemias?

A

Iron studies (ferritin, TIBC etc) and lead studies

31
Q

what test do you do to differentiate between sickle cell anemia and thalassemia?

A

Hemoglobin electrophoresis

32
Q

What will sed rate, TIBC, and ferritin levels be? (high or low)

A

Sed rate will be increased, TIBC will be low, Ferritin will be high

33
Q

what will Sickle cell MCV be?

A

normoncytic

34
Q

celiac and chrons can cause what anemia?

A

pernicious (B12 deficiency)

35
Q

normal Hgb

A

12-18

36
Q

normal Hct

A

40-54%

37
Q

vegetarians should take which supplements?

A

B12

38
Q

triggers for sickle cell crisis

A

dehydration, fever, cold, hypoxemia

39
Q

If patient has neurological symptoms of B12 deficiency how do you treat?

A

SubQ forever even after the reach therapeutic levels

Role 3 (10 decks)

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