Hyperlipidemia Flashcards
Total cholesterol range
<200 good
200-239 - borderline high
+ 240 - high
LDL range
<100 - desirable
100-129 - near desirable
130-159 - borderline high
160-189 - high
+190 - very high
HDL range
<40 - low men
<50 - low women
TG ranges
<150 - normal
150-199 - borderline high
200-499 - high
+500 - very high
Risk factors for atherosclerosis
LDL is the main cause
South Asian higher risk
Family history of CHD
App B >= 130mg
CAC (coronary Artery Calcium) score for which pts
help detect calcium deposits
For pts with no DM LDL ≥ 70 to 189 mg/dl and ASCVD risk 7.5 - 20
0 none
1–99 minimal to mild
100 - 400 moderate
>400 severe
Non - pharm for hyperlipidemia
≥150 each week
200 -300 min each weak for wt loss
Aerobic is best ( other is not as effective)
Diet
DASH, Mediterranean and vegetarian
Supplements
Fiber - reduce just LDL
Red yeast rice (same active as lovastatin) - super variable so need good source
Clinical ASCVD flow chart
What counts as a ASCVD event and what guideline do we follow?
MI, coronary, stroke, peripheral arterial disease
Follow clinical ASCVD first statin guideline
What are high risk condition to start the flow chart of Clinical ASCVD?
Any heart event or ASCVD equal or above 20
What are the high intensity statins?
Atorvastatin (Lipitor) 40-80 mg
Rosuvastatin (Crestor) 20-40 mg
Moderate intensity statins
Ato - 10 - 20 mg
Rosuvastatin - 5 - 10 mg
Simvastatin (Zocor) 20 - 40 mg
Pravastatin (Pravachol) 40 - 80 mg
Lovastatin (mevacor) 40 mg
Fluvasatin XL 80mg
Fliuvasatin (Lescol) 40mg BID
Pitavasatin ( Livalo) - 2- - 4 mg
Low intensity statins
Simva - 10
Prava 10 - 20
Lovastatin 20
Fluvastatin 20- 40
Pitavastatin 1 mg
Pros\ of statins
Pro
LDL 18% - 55% decrease (most important)
non - HDL 15-51% decrease
TG - 7% -30 % decrease
HDL - 5-15 %
Cons of statins
SAMS
Elevated ALT
New-onset Diabetes (outweighs risk of ASCVD)
Acute/active liver disease ( chronic okay)
Pregnancy maybe
Breastfeeding
SIMVASTATIN
grapefruit, DNE 10mg with verapamil or diltiazem, DNE 20mg w/ amiodarone, amplodipine and ranolazine
What labs should be checked for statin
Fasting lipids 4- 12 weeks
Pros with Ezetimibe
LDL 10%-18% lower
34-61% lower in combo with statins
Additive therapy
No food required
Cons of ezetimibe (Zetia)
GI mainly like diarrhea
Pros of PCSK9 and the drugs
Alirocumab (praluent) - 75mg SC every 2 weeks max 150
Evolocumab ( repatha) - 140mg every 2 weeks max 420
LDL decrease 60% (in statin treated pts)