Hyperkinetic Dysarthria Flashcards
Hallmark of hyperkinetic dysarthria
Involuntary movement
Neuromuscular deficits (direction, rhythm, range, rate, force, tone)
Direction: Impaired Rhythm: Impaired Range: Impaired Rate: Reduced Force: Normal Tone: Depends
Speech Characteristics
Prominent affect on prosody
Variable rate
Excessive variation in loudness
May interfere with respiration, phonation, artic, etc.
Overarching Cause
Damage to the indirect motor system (extrapyramidal and cerebellar)
Dyskinesia (fast or slow)
Abnormal involuntary movements regardless of etiology
Myoclonus (fast or slow)
Involuntary repetitive brief jerks of a body part (isolated)
Tics (fast)
Rapid, stereotyped movement; can be simple (similar to myoclonus) or complex
Chorea (fast)
Rapid, involuntary, random movements at rest or during voluntary movement.
Ballism (fast)
Gross, abrupt contractions, usually of the extremities caused by subthalamic lesions.
Athetosis (slow)
Slow, writhing movements (i.e. in CP)
Dystonia (slow)
Excessive contraction of antagonistic muscles causing abnormal postures
Spasm (fast or slow)
Tonic (slow) or clonic (fast)
Tremor
Rhythmic movement that occurs either at rest or during action
Pt. complaints
Slurred, halting speech
Chewing/swallowing difficulties
Shortness of breath
Exhaustion
Dengerative diseases
Huntington’s chorea; primary generalized dystonia
