Hyperaldosteronism Flashcards
What is hyperaldosteronism?
Increase in aldosterone production
What happens in primary hyperaldosteronism?
Adrenal glands produce too much aldosterone
What cells in the kidneys’ afferent arterioles sense blood pressure?
Juxtaglomerular cells
What do the juxtaglomerular cells produce in response to low blood pressure?
Renin
What does renin do?
Convert angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1 in the liver
Where is angiotensin 1 converted into angiotensin 2?
Lungs
What enzyme is produced in the lungs to convert angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2?
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
What does angiotensin 2 do?
Acts on adrenal glands to stimulate production of aldosterone
What does aldosterone do in the kidneys?
Increases sodium reabsorption from the distal tubule
Increases potassium secretion from the distal tubule
Increase hydrogen secretion from the collection ducts
What effect does aldosterone have on blood pressure?
Increases blood pressure
What is the name given to an adrenal adenoma that causes hyperaldosteronism?
Conn’s syndrome
Causes of primary hyperaldosteronism?
Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia
Adrenal adenoma
Familial hyperaldosteronism type 1 and type 2
Adrenal carcinoma
What are the causes of secondary hyperaldosteronism?
Renal artery stenosis
Renal artery obstruction
Heart failure
What causes secondary hyperaldosteronism?
Excessive renin production by the juxtaglomerular cells in the afferent arterioles of the kidneys.
What happens to aldosterone and renin in primary hyperaldosteronism?
Aldosterone increases, renin decreases
