Hyper-V Flashcards
What are the host system requirements for running Hyper-V
SLAT(Second Level Address Translation)CAPABLE 64-bit processor
VM Monitor Mode Extensions
Hardware-assisted virtualisation
Hardware-enforced DEP(Data Execution Prevention)
How do you determine if a host meets Hyper-V requirements?
systeminfo
Get-ComputerInfo
What is the PoSH command to open a persistent session?
New-PSSession
*Get-PSSession view open sessions
What is the PoSH command to remote onto a VM?
Enter-PSSession -
What is the PoSH command to enable nested virtualisation?
Set-VMProcessor -VMName <> -ExposeVirtualizationExtensions $true
What is the difference between Generation 1 and Generation 2 machines
Generation 1 - Emulated Drivers (overhead)
Generations 2 - Synthetic Drivers (software based)
What does secure boot ensure?
Drivers are digitally signed, avoid malicious activity prior to operating system loading
What are the limitations of Generation 2 VMs?
64-bit only
No windows 7, server 2008, FreeBSD
What is the linux command to view the current version on Linux Integration Services?
/sbin/modinfo hv_vmbus
What is the linux command to view the kernels currently loaded?
lsmod
What is memory buffer in Hyper-V?
Memory reserved for VM as percentage of current demand
What us memory weight in Hyper-V?
Prioritisation of memory for virtual machine compared to other virtual machines
What OS’ is dynamic memory incompatible with?
FreeBSD
What is NUMA in Hyper-V?
Non Uniform Memory Access
Allows more machines to run at same time
*Machines spanning multiple CPUs
How does NUMA work in Hyper-V?
Memory regions are directly assigned to a CPU
Cores that access those regions are NUMA nodes
What is virtual NUMA in Hyper-V?
Projects host NUMA settings to VM
*for NUMA aware applications (i.e SQL)
What is smart paging in Hyper-V?
Allows running VMs to use disk space as memory when restarted to negate statically assigned memory at startup
What is resource metering in Hyper-V?
VM Usage Stats
What is the PoSH command to enable Hyper-V resource metering for all VMs?
Get-VM | Enable-VMResourceMetering
What is a requirement to hot add memory to a running VM?
Static Memory,
Server 2012 and 2016 guest
When importing a VM what is the difference between register, restore and copy?
Register - Use files in place
Restore - Make copy of imported files
Copy - Create a new UUID (can coexist with original)
What is the method to use direct device assignment in Hyper-V?
Disable the device on the host in device manager
DDA Cmdlets: Get-Command device -Module Hyper-V
What is storage QOS in Hyper-V?
Specify minimum and maximum IOPs on disks that individual VMs require
*PoSH to create QOS policy IDs that can be assigned
What is a VHD set?
For shared virtual disks where there are identical VMs, in a failover cluster, improvement over shared VHDX
VMs point to .VHDS, data stored in AVHDX
What is a differencing disk in Hyper-V?
A parent-child relationship to a disk that is isolated from the parent disk, differences from the parent are in the child disk
What are the current limitation of VHD sets?
Live migration
Checkpoints
What are requirements of using VHD set?
Format not supported in OS’ earlier than Windows 10
Needs to be on CSV (Cluster Shared Volume)
What are some advantages of VHD set over shared VHDX?
Online resizing
Host backups
Hyper-V replica
What is the PoSH command to create a differencing disk?
New-VHD -Path <> -ParentPath <> -Differencing
How does converting virtual disk a disk work?
Creates a new copy of the disk leaving original untouched
When would you merge disks in Hyper-V
For differencing disks, you can merge the child disks to the parent or create a copy with the disks merged
What is a production vs standard checkpoint?
Production: Data consistent (vss backup in guest)
Standard: Application consistent (saved memory state)
What is the PoSH command to create a checkpoint?
Checkpoint-VM
What are the use cases for checkpoints vs differncing disks?
Checkpoints are quick
Differencing disks are generally for long-term
How does virtual Fibre Channel SAN work?
Groups physical HBA (host us adapter) ports together. Requires NPIV (N_PortID virtualisation) capable switch and HBA
What is the PoSH command to compact a VHD?
Optimize-VHD -Path <>
What is the PoSH command to resize a VHD?
Resive-VHD -Path <> -SizeBytes
What is the PoSH command to convert a VHD?
Convert-VHD -Path -DestinationPath <> -VHDType
What is the PoSH command to merge differencing disks?
Merge-VHD -Path <> -DestinationPath
What are External vs Internal vs Private switches
External binds to host adapter, communicate on physical network
Internal creates networking internal networking stack
Private shields the VMs from host, VMs communicate with eachother
What is Single-Root I/O virtualization (SR-IOV) in Hyper-V networking?
Virtualises physical NIC to bypass hypervisor layer for VMs reducing overhead, for performance enhancement
How is a MAC address structured?
Organisation Unit ID | Organisation Uniqueness
00-15-5D-01-67-00
What is Virtual Machine Queue (VMQ) in Hyper-V networking?
Stores incoming packets on physical NIC and send directly to VMs
What is IPSec task offloading in Hyper-V networking?
Mathematically intensive cryptographic algorithms use the CPU, enabling reduces CPU load
What are switch independent vs switch dependent NIC teaming modes?
Switch independant: Outbound traffic is load balanced not incoming
Static switch: Configure individual ports to switch is aware what is connected to NICs
LACP: Configure switch itself to become aware of team, dynamic negotiatin of ports
What are the different load balancing modes?
Address hash
Hyper-V
Dynamic
What is the address hash load balancing mode?
Address hash: Creates hash of IP, port, MAC to determine which NIC traffic is sent
What is the Hyper-V load balancing mode?
Ties VM to specific NIC in team, for hosts with alot of VMs
What is the Dynamic load balancing mode?
Combines both Address Hash and Hyper-V load balancing
What is switch embedded teaming?
Teaming NICs at the host level
What is the PoSH command to configure embedded switch teaming?
New-VMSwitch -NetAdapterName “,” -EnableEmbeddedTeaming $true
What is a Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) capable NIC?
Allows NICs to transfer data directly to and from application memory, bypassing data buffers in host operating system
What is the PoSH command to enable RDMA on a swith?
Enable-
What are the requirements for live RAM adjustment?
Windows 10, Windows Server 2016
