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Windows Server 2016 > Hyper-V > Flashcards

Hyper-V Flashcards

1
Q

What are the host system requirements for running Hyper-V

A

SLAT(Second Level Address Translation)CAPABLE 64-bit processor
VM Monitor Mode Extensions
Hardware-assisted virtualisation
Hardware-enforced DEP(Data Execution Prevention)

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2
Q

How do you determine if a host meets Hyper-V requirements?

A

systeminfo

Get-ComputerInfo

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3
Q

What is the PoSH command to open a persistent session?

A

New-PSSession

*Get-PSSession view open sessions

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4
Q

What is the PoSH command to remote onto a VM?

A

Enter-PSSession -

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5
Q

What is the PoSH command to enable nested virtualisation?

A

Set-VMProcessor -VMName <> -ExposeVirtualizationExtensions $true

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6
Q

What is the difference between Generation 1 and Generation 2 machines

A

Generation 1 - Emulated Drivers (overhead)

Generations 2 - Synthetic Drivers (software based)

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7
Q

What does secure boot ensure?

A

Drivers are digitally signed, avoid malicious activity prior to operating system loading

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8
Q

What are the limitations of Generation 2 VMs?

A

64-bit only

No windows 7, server 2008, FreeBSD

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9
Q

What is the linux command to view the current version on Linux Integration Services?

A

/sbin/modinfo hv_vmbus

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10
Q

What is the linux command to view the kernels currently loaded?

A

lsmod

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11
Q

What is memory buffer in Hyper-V?

A

Memory reserved for VM as percentage of current demand

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12
Q

What us memory weight in Hyper-V?

A

Prioritisation of memory for virtual machine compared to other virtual machines

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13
Q

What OS’ is dynamic memory incompatible with?

A

FreeBSD

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14
Q

What is NUMA in Hyper-V?

A

Non Uniform Memory Access
Allows more machines to run at same time
*Machines spanning multiple CPUs

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15
Q

How does NUMA work in Hyper-V?

A

Memory regions are directly assigned to a CPU

Cores that access those regions are NUMA nodes

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16
Q

What is virtual NUMA in Hyper-V?

A

Projects host NUMA settings to VM

*for NUMA aware applications (i.e SQL)

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17
Q

What is smart paging in Hyper-V?

A

Allows running VMs to use disk space as memory when restarted to negate statically assigned memory at startup

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18
Q

What is resource metering in Hyper-V?

A

VM Usage Stats

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19
Q

What is the PoSH command to enable Hyper-V resource metering for all VMs?

A

Get-VM | Enable-VMResourceMetering

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20
Q

What is a requirement to hot add memory to a running VM?

A

Static Memory,

Server 2012 and 2016 guest

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21
Q

When importing a VM what is the difference between register, restore and copy?

A

Register - Use files in place
Restore - Make copy of imported files
Copy - Create a new UUID (can coexist with original)

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22
Q

What is the method to use direct device assignment in Hyper-V?

A

Disable the device on the host in device manager

DDA Cmdlets: Get-Command device -Module Hyper-V

23
Q

What is storage QOS in Hyper-V?

A

Specify minimum and maximum IOPs on disks that individual VMs require
*PoSH to create QOS policy IDs that can be assigned

24
Q

What is a VHD set?

A

For shared virtual disks where there are identical VMs, in a failover cluster, improvement over shared VHDX
VMs point to .VHDS, data stored in AVHDX

25
Q

What is a differencing disk in Hyper-V?

A

A parent-child relationship to a disk that is isolated from the parent disk, differences from the parent are in the child disk

26
Q

What are the current limitation of VHD sets?

A

Live migration

Checkpoints

27
Q

What are requirements of using VHD set?

A

Format not supported in OS’ earlier than Windows 10

Needs to be on CSV (Cluster Shared Volume)

28
Q

What are some advantages of VHD set over shared VHDX?

A

Online resizing
Host backups
Hyper-V replica

29
Q

What is the PoSH command to create a differencing disk?

A

New-VHD -Path <> -ParentPath <> -Differencing

30
Q

How does converting virtual disk a disk work?

A

Creates a new copy of the disk leaving original untouched

31
Q

When would you merge disks in Hyper-V

A

For differencing disks, you can merge the child disks to the parent or create a copy with the disks merged

32
Q

What is a production vs standard checkpoint?

A

Production: Data consistent (vss backup in guest)
Standard: Application consistent (saved memory state)

33
Q

What is the PoSH command to create a checkpoint?

A

Checkpoint-VM

34
Q

What are the use cases for checkpoints vs differncing disks?

A

Checkpoints are quick

Differencing disks are generally for long-term

35
Q

How does virtual Fibre Channel SAN work?

A 
Groups physical HBA (host us adapter) ports together.
Requires NPIV (N_PortID  virtualisation) capable switch and HBA
36
Q

What is the PoSH command to compact a VHD?

A

Optimize-VHD -Path <>

37
Q

What is the PoSH command to resize a VHD?

A

Resive-VHD -Path <> -SizeBytes

38
Q

What is the PoSH command to convert a VHD?

A

Convert-VHD -Path -DestinationPath <> -VHDType

39
Q

What is the PoSH command to merge differencing disks?

A

Merge-VHD -Path <> -DestinationPath

40
Q

What are External vs Internal vs Private switches

A

External binds to host adapter, communicate on physical network
Internal creates networking internal networking stack
Private shields the VMs from host, VMs communicate with eachother

41
Q

What is Single-Root I/O virtualization (SR-IOV) in Hyper-V networking?

A

Virtualises physical NIC to bypass hypervisor layer for VMs reducing overhead, for performance enhancement

42
Q

How is a MAC address structured?

A

Organisation Unit ID | Organisation Uniqueness

00-15-5D-01-67-00

43
Q

What is Virtual Machine Queue (VMQ) in Hyper-V networking?

A

Stores incoming packets on physical NIC and send directly to VMs

44
Q

What is IPSec task offloading in Hyper-V networking?

A

Mathematically intensive cryptographic algorithms use the CPU, enabling reduces CPU load

45
Q

What are switch independent vs switch dependent NIC teaming modes?

A

Switch independant: Outbound traffic is load balanced not incoming
Static switch: Configure individual ports to switch is aware what is connected to NICs
LACP: Configure switch itself to become aware of team, dynamic negotiatin of ports

46
Q

What are the different load balancing modes?

A

Address hash
Hyper-V
Dynamic

47
Q

What is the address hash load balancing mode?

A

Address hash: Creates hash of IP, port, MAC to determine which NIC traffic is sent

48
Q

What is the Hyper-V load balancing mode?

A

Ties VM to specific NIC in team, for hosts with alot of VMs

49
Q

What is the Dynamic load balancing mode?

A

Combines both Address Hash and Hyper-V load balancing

50
Q

What is switch embedded teaming?

A

Teaming NICs at the host level

51
Q

What is the PoSH command to configure embedded switch teaming?

A

New-VMSwitch -NetAdapterName “,” -EnableEmbeddedTeaming $true

52
Q

What is a Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) capable NIC?

A

Allows NICs to transfer data directly to and from application memory, bypassing data buffers in host operating system

53
Q

What is the PoSH command to enable RDMA on a swith?

A

Enable-

54
Q

What are the requirements for live RAM adjustment?

A

Windows 10, Windows Server 2016

Windows Server 2016 (15 decks)

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