Hyper-V Flashcards by Luke Bakare

What are the host system requirements for running Hyper-V

SLAT(Second Level Address Translation)CAPABLE 64-bit processor
VM Monitor Mode Extensions
Hardware-assisted virtualisation
Hardware-enforced DEP(Data Execution Prevention)

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How do you determine if a host meets Hyper-V requirements?

systeminfo

Get-ComputerInfo

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What is the PoSH command to open a persistent session?

New-PSSession

*Get-PSSession view open sessions

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What is the PoSH command to remote onto a VM?

Enter-PSSession -

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What is the PoSH command to enable nested virtualisation?

Set-VMProcessor -VMName <> -ExposeVirtualizationExtensions $true

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What is the difference between Generation 1 and Generation 2 machines

Generation 1 - Emulated Drivers (overhead)

Generations 2 - Synthetic Drivers (software based)

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What does secure boot ensure?

Drivers are digitally signed, avoid malicious activity prior to operating system loading

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What are the limitations of Generation 2 VMs?

64-bit only

No windows 7, server 2008, FreeBSD

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What is the linux command to view the current version on Linux Integration Services?

/sbin/modinfo hv_vmbus

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What is the linux command to view the kernels currently loaded?

lsmod

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What is memory buffer in Hyper-V?

Memory reserved for VM as percentage of current demand

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What us memory weight in Hyper-V?

Prioritisation of memory for virtual machine compared to other virtual machines

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What OS’ is dynamic memory incompatible with?

FreeBSD

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What is NUMA in Hyper-V?

Non Uniform Memory Access
Allows more machines to run at same time
*Machines spanning multiple CPUs

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How does NUMA work in Hyper-V?

Memory regions are directly assigned to a CPU

Cores that access those regions are NUMA nodes

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What is virtual NUMA in Hyper-V?

Projects host NUMA settings to VM

*for NUMA aware applications (i.e SQL)

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What is smart paging in Hyper-V?

Allows running VMs to use disk space as memory when restarted to negate statically assigned memory at startup

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What is resource metering in Hyper-V?

VM Usage Stats

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What is the PoSH command to enable Hyper-V resource metering for all VMs?

Get-VM | Enable-VMResourceMetering

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What is a requirement to hot add memory to a running VM?

Static Memory,

Server 2012 and 2016 guest

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When importing a VM what is the difference between register, restore and copy?

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What is the method to use direct device assignment in Hyper-V?

Disable the device on the host in device manager

DDA Cmdlets: Get-Command device -Module Hyper-V

What is storage QOS in Hyper-V?

Specify minimum and maximum IOPs on disks that individual VMs require
*PoSH to create QOS policy IDs that can be assigned

What is a VHD set?

For shared virtual disks where there are identical VMs, in a failover cluster, improvement over shared VHDX
VMs point to .VHDS, data stored in AVHDX

What is a differencing disk in Hyper-V?

A parent-child relationship to a disk that is isolated from the parent disk, differences from the parent are in the child disk

What are the current limitation of VHD sets?

Live migration | Checkpoints

What are requirements of using VHD set?

Format not supported in OS' earlier than Windows 10 | Needs to be on CSV (Cluster Shared Volume)

What are some advantages of VHD set over shared VHDX?

Online resizing Host backups Hyper-V replica

What is the PoSH command to create a differencing disk?

New-VHD -Path <> -ParentPath <> -Differencing

How does converting virtual disk a disk work?

Creates a new copy of the disk leaving original untouched

When would you merge disks in Hyper-V

For differencing disks, you can merge the child disks to the parent or create a copy with the disks merged

What is a production vs standard checkpoint?

Production: Data consistent (vss backup in guest) Standard: Application consistent (saved memory state)

What is the PoSH command to create a checkpoint?

Checkpoint-VM

What are the use cases for checkpoints vs differncing disks?

Checkpoints are quick | Differencing disks are generally for long-term

How does virtual Fibre Channel SAN work?

``` Groups physical HBA (host us adapter) ports together. Requires NPIV (N_PortID virtualisation) capable switch and HBA ```

What is the PoSH command to compact a VHD?

Optimize-VHD -Path <>

What is the PoSH command to resize a VHD?

Resive-VHD -Path <> -SizeBytes

What is the PoSH command to convert a VHD?

Convert-VHD -Path -DestinationPath <> -VHDType

What is the PoSH command to merge differencing disks?

Merge-VHD -Path <> -DestinationPath

What are External vs Internal vs Private switches

External binds to host adapter, communicate on physical network Internal creates networking internal networking stack Private shields the VMs from host, VMs communicate with eachother

What is Single-Root I/O virtualization (SR-IOV) in Hyper-V networking?

Virtualises physical NIC to bypass hypervisor layer for VMs reducing overhead, for performance enhancement

How is a MAC address structured?

Organisation Unit ID | Organisation Uniqueness | 00-15-5D-01-67-00

What is Virtual Machine Queue (VMQ) in Hyper-V networking?

Stores incoming packets on physical NIC and send directly to VMs

What is IPSec task offloading in Hyper-V networking?

Mathematically intensive cryptographic algorithms use the CPU, enabling reduces CPU load

What are switch independent vs switch dependent NIC teaming modes?

Switch independant: Outbound traffic is load balanced not incoming Static switch: Configure individual ports to switch is aware what is connected to NICs LACP: Configure switch itself to become aware of team, dynamic negotiatin of ports

What are the different load balancing modes?

Address hash Hyper-V Dynamic

What is the address hash load balancing mode?

Address hash: Creates hash of IP, port, MAC to determine which NIC traffic is sent

What is the Hyper-V load balancing mode?

Ties VM to specific NIC in team, for hosts with alot of VMs

What is the Dynamic load balancing mode?

Combines both Address Hash and Hyper-V load balancing

What is switch embedded teaming?

Teaming NICs at the host level

What is the PoSH command to configure embedded switch teaming?

New-VMSwitch -NetAdapterName "," -EnableEmbeddedTeaming $true

What is a Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) capable NIC?

Allows NICs to transfer data directly to and from application memory, bypassing data buffers in host operating system

What is the PoSH command to enable RDMA on a swith?

Enable-

What are the requirements for live RAM adjustment?

Windows 10, Windows Server 2016