Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CPR III > Hyper-Hypokalemia Drugs (Wolff) > Flashcards

Hyper-Hypokalemia Drugs (Wolff) Flashcards

1
Q

Hypokalemia on ECG

A

flattened t waves
tall u waves
ST segment depression
prolonged QT interval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hyperkalemia on ECG

A

tall/peaked t waves
prolonged PR interval
widened QRS interval
flattened p waves
(can produce bradycardia**)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

K+ sparing diuretics

A

spironolactone, triamterene and amiloride (Na+ ch blockers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

K+ losing diuretics

A

thiazides (Na/Cl cotransporter blocker)
loop diuretics (Na/K/2Cl cotransporter blocker)
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
osmotic diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Furosemide

A

directly inhibits reabsorption of NaCl by blocking Na/K/2Cl cotransporter; indicated in edema, pulm. edema, HTN; works in pts with low GFR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Torsemide

A

similar to furosemide; longer half-life; better oral absorption and has been seen to work better in heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bumetanide

A

similar to furosemide; more predictable oral absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ethacrynic acid

A

non-sulfonamide loop diuretic reserved for those with sulfa allergy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

MOA of loop diuretics

A

K+ losing diuretic that blocks the Na/K/2Cl co-transporter in the thick ascending limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)

A

K+ losing diuretic that inhibits Na reabsorption in distal tubule by blocking Na/Cl co-transporter; indicated in HTN; not effective in patients with low GFR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Chlorothiazide

A

similar to HCTZ but poor oral absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Chlorothalidone

A

similar to HCTZ; prolonged/stable response with HTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Metolazone

A

another long-acting thiazide diuretic, favorite of cardiologist for use as adjunct in treatment in CHF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

MOA of thiazides

A

block Na/Cl co-transporter in DCT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Amiloride

A

K+ sparing diuretic that block ENaC channels in the collecting duct; counteracts K+ loss; toxicity of HYPERkalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Trimterene

A

similar to amiloride; indicated in edema and off-label for HTN

17
Q

Spironolactone

A

K+ sparing diuretic that is a competitive antagonist of aldosterone receptors; also a partial agonist for androgen receptors; indicated off-label to reduce fibrosis post-MI failure; slow on and slow off pharmacokinetics; toxicity is HYPERkalemia

18
Q

Eplerenone

A

more selective aldosterone antagonist than spironolactone; approved for use in post-MI heart failure and HTN

19
Q

Treatment for hypokalemia

A

replace K+ deficit; if severe IV K+ (potassium chloride or potassium acetate) if not oral K+

20
Q

Treatment for hyperkalemia

A

Emergency management (3): 1. antagonize cardiac effects (give IV calcium) 2. redistribute K+ into cells (IV insulin and glucose) 3. Facilitate K+ elimination (K+ losing diuretic - furosemide)

21
Q

Hyperkalemia signs and symptoms

A

Cardiac (bradycardia, peaked t wave, widened QRS complex) and Neuromuscular (numbness, weakness, flaccid paralysis)

22
Q

Hypokalemia signs and symptoms

A

CNS (drowsiness, lethargy), Neuromuscular* (most prominent manifestation) - skeletal muscle weakness and smooth muscle weakness (constipation), CV (hypotension, cardiac arrest), Renal (polyuria, nocturia), Metabolic (HYPERglycemia)

23
Q

Alternative Medicine

A

Herbal diuretics - active ingredients and MOA are generally unknown; should not be mixed with conventional diuretics
Licorice - contains glycyrrhizic acid

24
Q

MOA K+ sparing diuretics

A

amiloride- blocks Na ch (ENaC) in collecting ducts
spironolactone - blocks aldosterone receptor in collecting duct

25
Q

Toxicity of furosemide

A

HYPOkalemia, HYPOnatremia, HYPOcalcemia, HYPOmagnesemia, HYPOchloremic
HYPERglycemia and HYPERuricemia
Ototoxicity (tinnitus); risk for sulfonamide hypersensitivity

26
Q

What drug is not effective in patients with low GFR?

A

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ); K+ losing diuretic

27
Q

Toxicity of Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)

A

HYPOkalemia, HYPOnatremia, HYPOmagnesemia, HYPOchloremic
HYPERglycemia and HYPERuricemia
HYPERcalcemia (differs from furosemide)
sulfa drug (hypersensitivity)

CPR III (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions