Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

235 Med surg > Hyper/Hypo Thyroid > Flashcards

Hyper/Hypo Thyroid Flashcards

1
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

•Hyperthyroidism is a continuous excessive release of thyroid hormones

*women 20 to 40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Most common form of hyperthyroidism

A

Graves’ disease #1

Thyrotoxicosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Graves’ disease

A

Autoimmune disease
•Diffuse thyroid enlargement
•Excess thyroid hormone secretion
•Eventual thyroid tissue destruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Signs of hyperthyroidism

Related to effect of thyroid hormone excess

A
  • Increased metabolism

Can hear a bruit over the thyroid

* Goiter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Exophthalmos (sign of hyperthyroidism and Graves’ disease)

A

Out pouch of the eyes

Need eye drops bc they can’t really close eyes

May need qauze w/ tape over eyes to sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Signs of hyperthyroidism

“Everything increased”

A 
Bounding, rapid pulse
Tachypnea
Increased appetite, thirst 🥤
Weight loss (sudden)
Diarrhea 💩
Thin, brittle nails💅🏼
Hair loss 💇🏼‍♀️
Acropachy: digital clubbing and swelling of fingers
Diaphoresis 😓
Lack of ability to concentrate
Lability of mood
Insomnia 🥱
Nervousness, fine tremors
Menstrual irregularities
Eyelid retraction
Intolerance to heat 🥵
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Acute Thyrotoxicosis

Thyrotoxic crisis (thyroid storm)

What is it and signs ?

A

Excessive amount of thyroid hormones
* life threatening 😵

*** Increased agitation and confusion than they were already having

Severe tachycardia and possible heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Diagnostic Studies for HYPERTHYROIDISM

A
  • TSH
  • Free thyroxine (free T4)
  • Total T3 and T4
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hyperthyroidism Treatments

A

1) antithyroid
- tapazole, iodine, propranolol
2) radioactive iodine therapy (RAI)
3) surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Tapazole

“Methimazole”

A

Prevents production of thyroid hormone

  • can’t stop medication (leads back to hyperthyroidism)

not pregnancy safe 🚫🤰🏽

monitor for HYPO (too much if med)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Iodine (SSKI)

What does it do?
How to take it ?

A

🔽 Vascularity (less bleeding) making surgery safer

Prevents T3 and T4 production

Mix with water and drink w/ straw to avoid teeth staining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Propranolol

A

Symptomatic relief (🔽HR)

Decreases tachycardia, nervousness, irritability, tremors

Given with antithyroid meds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Radioactive Iodine Therapy (RAI)

A
  • Treatment of choice for most nonpregnant adults (preg test)
  • RAI destroys thyroid tissue thus limiting thyroid hormone secretion
  • Max effect may not be seen up to 3 months
  • Therefore, pts are treated with antithyroid drugs and Propranolol during first 3 months of RAI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Patient teaching for RAI

A 
Oral care for Parotiditis 🪥
Watch for HYPO
Flush toilet 3 times bc it effects urine 
Avoid kids/preg women
Stay 3 feet from people
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Surgical therapy indication for HYPERTHYROIDISM

Why would they need surgery instead of medications?

A
  • Large goiter causing tracheal compression
  • Unresponsive to antithyroid therapy
  • Thyroid cancer
  • Not a candidate for RAI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hyperthyroidism Nutritional Therapy

What foods do they need to increase?
What foods to avoid ?

A

🔼 cal (bc losing weight from that increased state)
🔼 protein
⬆️ carb

🚫 highly seasoned / high fiber foods or caffeine (bc body already In increased state)

17
Q

Thyroidectomy Pre-op

What to give before surgery?

A
  • Give medications to achieve euthyroid state

* Give iodine to decrease bleeding

18
Q

Patient teaching for post-op:

Comfort and talking ?

A
  • Comfort and safety measures: Head support with pillows and neck ROM (avoid flexion) to minimize suture line stress
  • Talking may be difficult immediately post-op 🙊
19
Q

Monitor for what complications post op throidectomy

A

1) Hemorrhage
- look/feel for 🩸 on back of neck
2) Laryngeal nerve damage
3) Laryngeal stridor
- harsh vibration could be something in airway
4) Hypocalcemia - bc parathyroid glands removed also

20
Q

Maintain patent airway post op

A
  • Oxygen, suction equipment, tracheostomy tray in patient’s room
  • Monitor for stridor
  • IV calcium readily available to treat tetany
21
Q

Post op care

A

Assess for tracheal compression
Semi fowlers
Support head with pillows
Avoid tension on suture line (no neck flexion)

22
Q

Diet after surgery for hyperthyroidism

A

🔽 calories
Monitor fiber intake

Regular exercise

23
Q

Discharge teaching for partial thyroidectomy

A

Get blood drawn to monitor levels

24
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Deficiency in thyroid hormones
General slowing of metabolic rate
* women

25
Q

Hypothyroidism can be caused by what 3 things

A

Iodine deficiency

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: Atrophy of the gland

Thyroidectomy

26
Q

Signs of HYPOTHYROIDISM

A

characterized by SLOWING of body processes

Tired /lethargic 🥱
impaired memory 🤔
low initiative
weight gain
Dyspnea
Bradycardia
Personality and mood changes
Impaired memory, slowed speech, somnolence
Constipation 💩
Cold skin 🥶
Dry, sparse, coarse hair 🌵
Puffy face
27
Q

Myxedema (thyroid desert)

What is it ?
What are the signs ? (Face)
What can it lead too?

A

severe hypothyroidism

**facial puffiness🐡, facial and periorbital edema, and mask-like affect 🎭

•Can lead to myxedema coma and death if left untreated.

28
Q

Myxedema coma

What is it Characterized by?
What is it treated with?

A
  • medical emergency 🚨

Characterized by:
•Impaired consciousness
•Subnormal temp, hypotension hypoventilation
•Cardiovascular collapse

•Treated with IV thyroid hormone

29
Q

General diagnostics comparison

A

Hyperthyroidism
•Decreased TSH
•Increased T3&4

  • Hypothyroidism
  • Increased TSH
  • Decreased T3&4
30
Q

Hypothyroidism diet

A

Low calorie, increased fiber “roughage”

31
Q

Levothyroxine (Synthroid)

A 
Drug of choice for HYPO (synthetic T3&4)
Life long 
Monitor for signs of HYPER
Every morning, empty stomach
Pregnancy safe 🤰🏽
32
Q

Myxedema coma acute care

What to monitor?
What to give ?

A
  • Mechanical respiratory support
  • Cardiac monitoring
  • IV thyroid hormone replacement
  • Monitoring of core temp 🤒
33
Q

Patient teaching for hypothyroidism therapy

A 
• life long therapy
•Avoid stoping meds 
  - relapse occur 
•Side effects of medication
•Signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism
• Comfortable, warm environment 
• Avoid sedatives
•Measures to minimize constipation

235 Med surg (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions