hygiene and safety Flashcards
Factors affecting hygiene practices
Culture, socioeconomic, spiritual/religious, developmental level, health/ energy, personal preferences, therapeutic environment, pain
Hygienic practices
An assessment of pertinent body systems can provide data about a persons hygiene status and the person ability to maintain acceptable personal hygiene includes care of skin and specific body parts: face, hair, oral, eyes, ears, nose, mouth, shaving, perineal, catheter care, nails, feet
Bathing
Cleanse the skin, provides sensory input, stimulate circulation, promotes comfort and relaxation, produces a sense of well being, removes microorganisms and body secretions, prevents or eliminates unpleasant body odors, providers musculoskeletal exercise
Nursing care
Simple act of bathing is a vital and caring intervention, provide hygiene care daily, assist with bathing and skin care, offer client bedpan before bathing, keep patient warm throughput bath, discuss self care, cultural preferences and ability, assess skin carefully, encourage as much self-care as possible, talk with patient to illicit information about hygiene or skin concerns
Explained areas to be addressed:
Face, hair, eyes, ears, mouth, arms and hands, chest, abdomen, legs, back, peritoneal area (clean front to back), feet
Assessment during bath
Skin care practices or concerns, usual hygiene practices & products, allergies to soaps & lotions, cultural or religious preferences, educational needs, cognitive ability
Assessment
- self care abilities
- amount of assistance required
- clients at risk for developing impairment
- cultural preferences
Diagnosis
- self care deficit: bathing/hygiene
- self care deficit: dressing/grooming
- risk for impaired skin integrity
- knowledge deficit regarding skin care
Planning and outcomes
- provide comfort
- remove unpleasant odors
- decrease possibility of infection
- promote circulation
- promote self esteem
- provide patient teaching on self care
Intervention/ implementation
- unable to wash face
- apply moisturizer on dried cracked feet
- provide back rub to promote circulation
- make adaption to accommodate cultural hygiene practices
- educate diabetic patient on daily foot care (teach)
- nurses do not cut toes nails
- should be seen by podiatrist
- nurse should throughly dry, inspect feet daily
Goal/ Outcomes
- Patient able to shave half his face himself today with minimal assistance tomorrow
- patient combed hair unassisted once today
- patient washed upper legs but unable to wash feet
Lifespan considerations in bathing
Infants: sponge, lose heat easily, risk for infection, delicate skin, support head and neck
Children: supervise in bath tub, encourage age appropriate participation
Adolescents: use of hygiene products, ,more frequent hygiene due to active sweat glands, acne
Elderly: fragile skin, less oil/moisture, decreased elasticity, shower rails/bars/mats at home, removal and cleaning of denture, check position of head for suction, protect from injury related to hot water burns
Deep vein thrombosis
Blood clot in deep vein of leg/groin, cause pain & swelling of leg, do not message could embolize (blood clot travels in blood to lungs)
Ted-stocking
Non-ambulatory
Compression
ambulatory
Factors affecting safety
Lifestyle, mobility, emotional state, safety awareness, psychosocial health, environmental factors, ability to communicate, developmental considerations, physical and cognitive changes home environment
Safety risk across the lifespan
Developing fetus- exposure to maternal smoking, alcohol consumption, addictive drugs
Newborns and infants- falling, suffocation/SIDS, aspiration, crib and playpen injuries
Toddlers- physical trauma from falling, getting cut by sharp objects, burns, poisoning, drowning
Preschoolers- scalds and burns, poisoning, drowning, guns and weapons, injury from traffic, playground equipment and other objects, choking, suffocation
School age- burns, drowning, broken bones
Adolescents- motor vehicle or bicycle accidents, recreational injuries, substances abuse, sexually transmitted infections
Adult- stress, domestic violence, motor vehicle accidents, industrial accidents, drug and alcohol abuse
Elderly- falls, elder abuse, burns, motor vehicle crashes, pedestrian injuries, sensorimotor changes/LOC, fires, state of health
Fire Safety
R.A.C.E rescue, alarm, contain, extinguish
P.A.S.S pull aim squeeze sweep
Home assessment
History of falls, lighting, floors, stairs, furniture, home hazard assessment, identify individuals at risk, m recognize unsafe situations, identify factors influencing safety, assess for potential causes of falls
Home interventions
- Comprehensive risk assessment
- referrals
- teaching of skills
- self-care
- proper use of assistive device
- counseling individuals
- teach use of assistive devices
- recommend modifications: lighting, furniture, throw, rugs, toilet seat accommodations, installation hand rails to support in bathrooms, elevated toilet seats rubber bath mats etc.
Hospital assessment
Safe bed and equipment, emergency preparedness and protocols, incident report procedures, agencies policies regarding fire, electrical and radiation, evacuation plans, emergency carts, medication error prevention
Ensuring bedside safety
Patient call light is functioning and within reach, bed is positioned properly, at appropriate height, wheels locked, side rails are safely used when indicated, principles of medical asepsis are followed, electrical equipment is safely grounded, walk space is uncluttered, orientation and supervision, of confused client
