Hygiene Flashcards
skin
largest organ in the body
mucosal cells are essential to the health of the body
functions of the skin
protection
secretion
excretion
temperature regulation
sensation
epidermis
several thin layers of epithelial cells compromise the epidermis
these cells shield the underlying tissue
dermis
supports the epidermis
contains
-collagen
-nerve fibers
-blood vessels
-glands
-hair follicles
glands in the dermis: sweat glads
protect the skin from being too dry
cool the body
sebaceous glands
secrete sebum, an oily odorous fluid, into the hair follicles
-softens/lubricates the skin
-slows water loss from the skin
-bactericidal action
subcutaneous tissue
nerves, blood vessels, nerves, lymph, and connective tissue filled with fat cells
fat insulates the body
cushions the upper layers
loosely secures the skin to underlying structures
normal nail
transparent, smooth, and convex
pink nail bed
translucent white tip
oral cavity
mucous membranes line the mouth
normal mucosa is a sign of health
medications, exposure to radiation, and mouth breathing can impair salivary secretion
normal mucosa
light pink
soft
moist
smooth
no lesions
xerostomia
caused by things such as chemo
dry mouth
gingivitis
inflammation of the gums
dental caries
tooth decay
hair
reflection of general health status
-growth
-distribution
-pattern
sensitive sensory tissues
prevent injury and discomfort
ex. avoid getting soap in patients eyes
assess for skin breakdown
good hygiene
support the function and stability of the skin, mucosa, and other structures
promote a positive self-image
provide comfort
nurse factors
communication skills promote the therapeutic relationship
hygiene activities provide opportunities for assessment
-physical condition
-emotional status
-health promotion practices
-health care education
nursing actions
utilize knowledge
consider the patients culture and development stage
implement professional standards
maintain confidence
process of implementing hygiene procedures
communicate with patient: what is about to happen and for how long
determine how to provide hygiene
-adapt procedure to accommodate patients faculties and resources
provide privacy
maintain warmth
safety
keep bed rails up
-patient alone
-side opposite the caregiver
test the temperature of bathing solution or bath cloths before using
bath guidelines
provide privacy
maintain safety
maintain warmth
promote independence
anticipate needs: patient pains, nauseated, etc.
benefits of bathing
removes perspiration, dirt and bacteria
helps prevent skin problems
refreshes patient- comfort
stimulates circulation/ provides passive exercise
opportunity for communication and physical assessment
types of baths
shower
-if patient is weak use shower chair
partial or assisted
sponge bath at the sink
-bathe only those areas that the patient cannot reach
complete bed bath
tub bath
-immersion in tub
-often utilized in long term care facilities
bag bath
-several warmed disposable cloths moistened with no rinse solution
therapeutic
-sitz
-perineal and anal areas
perineal care
importance: to prevent skin breakdown
-urine is acidic
encourage patients to perform own care
risk factors of not preforming perineal care
urinary or fecal incontinence
rectal and perineal surgical dressing
indwelling urinary catheters
morbid obesity
red rules of patients rooms
point 1: clean up clutter
point 2: maintain comfort- temperature, noise, lighting, ventilation, odors
point 3: keep the over-the bed table clean. do not set urinals or bed pans on it
bed rules
level 1: if linens are not soiled, they do not have to be changed daily
level 2: soiled linens should be changed as often as needed
level 3: ambulatory patients: bed changes can be done while they are showering or using the bathroom
level 4: bedridden patients: occupied bed making procedure
