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Physical Geography > Hydrosphere Unit Review > Flashcards

Hydrosphere Unit Review Flashcards

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1
Q

Erosion

A

Mechanical and chemical of breaking down geosphere into smaller bits.

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2
Q

Deposition

A

Stage in erosion process, dropping down or depositing of rocks and minerals into new places.

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3
Q

Tides

A

Daily changes in the level of ocean water.

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4
Q

Currents

A

The streams of water that flow constantly on the ocean surface in definite directions.

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5
Q

Spring Tides

A

Occur during new and full moons. Have the greatest tidal range.

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6
Q

Neap Tide

A

Occur when the first and third quarters of the moon. Smallest tidal range.

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7
Q

Tidal range

A

Difference between the highest and lowest ocean level tides.

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8
Q

Porosity

A

Space available for liquids or gases to occupy.

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9
Q

Permeable

A

Ability of liquids or gases to move through.

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10
Q

Fluvial Processes

A

Physical interaction of flowing water and the natural channels of rivers and streams

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11
Q

Aquifers

A

Underground storages of water covered by layers of permeable rocks.

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12
Q

Recharge rate

A

Water that enters aquifers.

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13
Q

Groundwater

A

Freshwater below the ground.

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14
Q

Permafrost

A

Permanently frosted ground.

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15
Q

Cryosphere

A

Any part of the Earth covered by frozen water.

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16
Q

Paleoclimatology

A

Study of the Earth’s atmosphere in prehistoric time.

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17
Q

Headwaters

A

The source of a river, where it begins

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18
Q

Mouth

A

Where river ends, meet a larger body of water

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19
Q

Divide

A

Area of higher elevation that separate watersheds

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20
Q

Watershed

A

The area drained by a river system

21
Q

Channel

A

The path that the river flows over

22
Q

Tributaries

A

Stream or river that flows into a larger one

23
Q

Confluence

A

The point where two rivers meet

24
Q

Sinuous

A

Irregular curves, medium age river

25
Q

Meandering

A

Slow, large curves, very low gradient, old

26
Q

Braided

A

Large alluvium drop breaks up channels

27
Q

Straight

A

Youngest river, near geologic faults

28
Q

Ephemeral

A

Those that flow only during and after a precipitation event

29
Q

Perennial

A

Rivers that flow year round

30
Q

Intermittent

A

Rivers that stop flow at least 2 times in 5 years

31
Q

Exotic

A

Those that start in one climate and end in a very dry area

32
Q

Continental Ice Sheets

A

-Lots of ice covering non-mountainious land
-In Greenland & Antartica

33
Q

Alpine Glaciers

A

-Ice that accumulates near the top of a mountain and flows downhill
-Reffered to as Valley Glaciers

34
Q

Three Main Types of Categories for Uses of Water

A
  1. Agriculture
  2. Industrial
  3. Municipial
35
Q

Gradient Formula

A

Rise/Run x 100

36
Q

World’s Largest Watershed

A

Amazon Basin

37
Q

Crevasses

A

Large cracks in ice that are formed by glacial movements

38
Q

Ice Caps

A

Glaciers, found in mountains, but cover areas larger than a valley

39
Q

Advancing Glaciers

A

When glaciers gain more mass over time than they lose they are called advanced glaciers

40
Q

Glaciers fall downhill due to….

A

the gravitational force created by the weight of the ice

41
Q

Discharge

A

The amount of water being carried at any given time by a river is called a discharge

42
Q

Floodplain

A

The area of flat land vulnerable to flooding that surrounds a river called a floodplain

43
Q

As we go deeper into the ocean….

A

temperatures decrease and pressure increases

44
Q

Erosion causes rivers….

A

V-Shaped Valleys & Canyons

45
Q

Deposition causes rivers….

A

Meanders & Deltas

46
Q

Erosion causes groundwater…

A

Caves & Sinkholes

47
Q

Deposition causes groundwater…

A

Stalagmites & Stalactites

48
Q

Erosion causes glaciers….

A

Fjords & Aretes

49
Q

Deposition causes glaciers…

A

Mardine & Erratics

Physical Geography (16 decks)

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