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POPLANT > Hydropower (Hobomaps) > Flashcards

Hydropower (Hobomaps) Flashcards

1
Q

3-phase power

A

a three-wire ac power circuit with each phase signal 120 electrical degrees apart

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2
Q

abatement

A

the reduction or elimination of pollution

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3
Q

abiotic

A

relating to things in the environment that are not living

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4
Q

abstraction

A

the process of taking away or removing characteristics from something in order to reduce it to a set of essential characteristics.

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5
Q

abutment

A

the edge of a hill or solid high ground against which a dam is constructed to resist the forces of movement.

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6
Q

accretion

A

growth or increase by gradual accumulation

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7
Q

Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers

A

instruments used to measure water velocities, direction of flow and depth.

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8
Q

acre

A

1 acre is equal to about 4,000 square meters or .4 hectare

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9
Q

acre-foot

A

The volume of water that would cover one acre to a depth of one foot. 1 acre-foot= 43,560 cubic feet or 326,000 gallons.

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10
Q

active power

A

the amount of electric power in an AC electric circuit which is actually consumed or utilized. Also called true power or real power and is measured in Watts.

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11
Q

active storage

A

also known as active volume, regulating capacity or live storage - the portion of a reservoir that can be drawn down and removed by drainage gravitation. Contrary to dead storage that must be pumped out.

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12
Q

adit tunnel

A

a nearly-horizontal passage dug for access to an underground tunnnel or mine. Used for ventilation, haulage, drainage, repairs or other access.

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13
Q

aerate

A

to force or introduce additional air into a material such as water

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14
Q

aeration weir

A

a weir designed to aerate the water flowing over it.

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15
Q

aerator

A

forced-air system used to aerate water

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16
Q

aerobic

A

living, active, or occurring only in the presence of oxygen

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17
Q

affermage

A

lease agreement where the lesee takes over operational responsibility of an enterprise but the assets remain the property of the lessor.

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18
Q

afforestation

A

the planting of new forests on lands where the preceding vegetation or land did not contain forests.

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19
Q

air

A

so-called “pure” or “natural” air is a mixture of gases containing about 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, less than 1% carbon dioxide, argon and other gases and varying amounts of water vapor.

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20
Q

Air Quality Index (AQI)

A

numerical index used for reporting severity of air pollution levels to the public

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21
Q

algal bloom or algae bloom

A

a rapid increase or accumulation of algae in freshwater or marine water systems often noticed by color change in the water.

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22
Q

alluvial

A

made up of sand and earth deposited by rivers, floods, etc.

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23
Q

alternating current (ac)

A

electric current that reverses its direction of flow several times per second, as contrasted with direct current which travels in only one direction.

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24
Q

alternator

A

alternating generator

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25
Q

American Wire Gauge

A

is the US standard measure for the diameter of electrical conductors.

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26
Q

ampacity

A

the maximum current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously without exceeding its safe temperature limit

27
Q

ampere

A

measure of electric current flow. May be compared to the measure of water flow volume as cubic feet or gallons per second

28
Q

Anadromous fish

A

fish that begin their life cycle in freshwater, then migrate as juveniles to the ocean where they grow into adults and finally migrate back into freshwater to spawn.

29
Q

anaerobic

A

without oxygen

30
Q

angled bar racks

A

structural guidance systems used to direct downstream migrating fish toward bypasses and sluiceways rather than passing through a hydropower turbine. They do not physically exclude fish from powerhouse intakes but create conditions that discourage fish from entering the intakes.

31
Q

Annual daily peak flow

A

the largest daily flow recorded in a year (m3/s).

32
Q

Annual Recurrence Interval

A

the average annual rate of occurrence of an event; it is equal to the 1/exceedance probability

33
Q

annunciator

A

indicator lights designed to secure a human operator’s attention by blinking and sounding an alarm when an automated process changes into an abnormal state.

34
Q

anoxia

A

the absence or near absence of oxygen in water or body tissue (can be fatal)

35
Q

anoxic

A

condition in which the aquatic (water) environment does not contain dissolved oxygen

36
Q

apparent power

A

kVA is a measure of apparent power and measures the total amount of power in use in a system. In a 100% efficient system kW = kVA.

37
Q

appurtenant facilities

A

the non-integral components or aspects of a hydropower facility such as substations and transmission lines.

38
Q

aquifer

A

an underground body of saturated rock through which water can easily move

39
Q

arch dam

A

type of dam structure formed as a single curved wall facing upstream to transmit most of reservoir water pressure to the abutments.

40
Q

armature

A

the component of an electric rotating machine that contains the main current-carrying winding where the electromotive force produced by magnetic flux rotation is induced; it may be rotating or stationary.

41
Q

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

A

regional political and economic intergovernmental institution with 10 members in southeast asia.

42
Q

aquaculture

A

the activity of breeding, growing and harvesting fish and other aquatic plants

43
Q

aquatic biomonitoring

A

the science of inferring the condition of rivers, lakes, streams and wetlands by examining the organisms that live there (such as fish, invertebrates, insects, plants and algae).

44
Q

Arc Fault Circuit Interrupter

A

device that senses power fluctuations when sparking (“arcing”) occurs between contact points in a wire connection and may trip or break the circuit

45
Q

aseismic

A

not characterized by earthquake activity.

46
Q

asynchronous

A

when two electric systems do not have the same alternating current frequency and are said to be out of phase.

47
Q

asynchronous motor (induction motor)

A

an AC electric motor where the electric current in the rotor needed to produce torque is obtained by electromagnetic induction from the magnetic field of the stator winding

48
Q

attraction flow

A

additional water flow supplied at a fish passage entrance (fish ladder) that creates hydraulic signals for fish to sense the fishway as a safe route and entice them to pass through it.

49
Q

average return interval

A

the average annual rate of occurrence of an event

50
Q

avulsion

A

the sudden transfer of land from one legal owner to another such as when a change in the course of a borderline river moves land claims from one country to another.

51
Q

axial flow turbine

A

type of turbine that has water flowing through in a direction parallel to the turbine shaft

52
Q

axial thrust

A

in hydraulic pumps, the summation of unbalanced impeller forces acting in the axial direction.

53
Q

backwater effect

A

upstream effects caused by the impoundment of reservoir water behind a dam structure.

54
Q

baffle

A

shallow weir or blocking fixture added to a water channel’s floor and walls to deflect water and lower flow velocities. Used to ease fish passage and provide resting zones for migrating fish.

55
Q

ball valve

A

a shut-off valve that controls the flow of water by means of a rotary ball with a bore hole. Can be opened or closed by rotating the ball a quarter turn (90 degrees).

56
Q

bankable contract

A

when a contract such as a PPA is sufficiently robust to enable a project to reach financial close and have tradeable value.

57
Q

bar

A

water pressure is measured in bars, with 1 bar being the force needed to lift water up 10 meters in elevation. A concrete hydropower headrace pipe may have about 11 bars pressure while a high-pressure steel penstock may have about 34 bars pressure.

58
Q

barrage (dam)

A

a type of dam with gates that channel water flows through the structure rather than over the structure as with an overflow weir. The submerged gates allow fine adjustment of water levels in a reservoir or head pond and may allow intake at multiple water levels.

59
Q

barrel (Imperial)

A

unit of liquid measure equal to about .16 cubic meters or 36 imperial gallons

60
Q

barrel (U.S.)

A

unit of liquid measure equal to about 5.61 cubic feet or 42 U.S. gallons

61
Q

base load

A

The minimum amount of electric power needed to be produced and supplied to the electrical grid over a certain time period.

62
Q

base load plant

A

type of power plant intended to operate at maximum output all of the time to send continuous maximum energy into the grid.

63
Q

base load power generation

A

power generation intended to run continuously and not just for peak-load demand

64
Q

basic project costs

A

direct costs that excludes indirect costs and standard costs

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