Bolded Terms

Question 1

Blackout

Answer 1

Sudden disruption of electrical power

Question 2

Contactor

Answer 2

It is used in control circuits.

Question 3

Current

Answer 3

The flow of particles charged by electricity.

Question 4

Alternating Current (AC)

Answer 4

Current flowing from zero to a positive maximum and then back to zero, flows down again to a negative maximum to return back to zero.

Question 5

Direct Current (DC)

Answer 5

Current produced by storage battery or electromagnetic induction, with a unidirectional flow.

Question 6

Diesel Engine

Answer 6

An internal combustion engine in which fuel oil is burnt by heat produced from air compression. The most commonly bought Industrial Diesel Engines are either Rebuilt Diesel Engine or Used Diesel Engine.

Question 7

Distribution

Answer 7

Supply of lower voltage electric power from a centralized substation to the point of end use.

Question 8

Generator

Answer 8

A utility device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, available either in the form of direct or alternating current.

Question 9

Backup Generators

Answer 9

Used for fulfilling emergency load requirement during sudden shortage of power.

Question 10

Diesel Generator

Answer 10

Starts up and generates power automatically during power cut.

Question 11

Dynamo

Answer 11

A mechanical device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy through electromagnetic induction process.

Question 12

Electric Generator

Answer 12

Generates electricity from a source of mechanical energy.

Question 13

Engine Generator

Answer 13

Generates electric power with the help of natural gas or diesel reciprocating engine.

Question 14

Gensets

Answer 14

A handy power generator, converting fuel into electrical power through mechanical ways. Clip-on gensets and Underslung gensets are most popular.

Question 15

Motor Generator

Answer 15

Normally used either to regulate or condition power from a raw power source like electric utility grid.

Question 16

Non-Utility Generator

Answer 16

Connected to an electric utility system, Non-utility Generator generates electricity specifically for those not owned by an electric utility.

Question 17

Standby Generator

Answer 17

Used for power backup in home, Standby Generator is driven by gasoline or LP gas.

Question 18

Binary-Cycle Power Plant

Answer 18

A geothermal electricity generating plant using heat from lower temperature reservoirs. The technology uses the heat of the geothermal fluid (the “primary fluid”) to vaporize a “working fluid” with a lower boiling point, which drives a turbine/generator set to generate electricity.

Question 19

Brine

Answer 19

Subsurface fluids containing appreciable amounts of sodium chloride or other salts, from which lithium can be extracted

Question 20

British Thermal Unit (Btu)

Answer 20

The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit at standard conditions. (Equal to 252 calories.)

Question 21

Direct Use

Answer 21

Use of geothermal heat without first converting it to electricity, such as for space heating and cooling, food preparation, industrial processes, etc.

Question 22

Drilling

Answer 22

Boring into the Earth to access geothermal resources, usually with oil and gas drilling equipment that has been modified to meet geothermal requirements.

Question 23

Geology

Answer 23

Study of the planet Earth—its composition, structure, natural processes, and history.

Question 24

Geophones

Answer 24

Also known as downhole sensors, these collect high-resolution, real-time micro-seismic data to inform how a geothermal reservoir is growing. Geothermal developers need this information to adjust operations and design the most effective and efficient EGS

Question 25

Geothermal

Answer 25

Of or relating to the Earth’s interior heat.

Question 26

Geothermal District Heating (GDH)

Answer 26

A type of direct use in which a utility system supplies multiple users with hot water or steam from a central plant or well field through a distribution network.

Question 27

Magma

Answer 27

Molten rock within the Earth, from which igneous rock is formed by cooling.

Question 28

Machine Learning

Answer 28

The use of advanced algorithms to identify patterns and make inferences from data. Machine learning and artificial intelligence can provide insights on large, complicated datasets, including those used to analyze geothermal energy. The rapidly advancing field of machine learning offers substantial opportunities for technology advancement and cost reduction throughout the geothermal project lifecycle, from resource exploration to power plant operations.

Question 29

Mantle

Answer 29

The Earth’s inner layer of molten rock, lying beneath the Earth’s crust and above the Earth’s core of liquid iron and nickel.

Question 30

3-phase power

Answer 30

a three-wire ac power circuit with each phase signal 120 electrical degrees apart

Question 31

aerator

Answer 31

a forced-air system used to aerate water

Question 32

Anadromous fish

Answer 32

fish that begin their life cycle in freshwater, then migrate as juveniles to the ocean where they grow into adults and finally migrate back into freshwater to spawn.

Question 33

angled bar racks

Answer 33

structural guidance systems used to direct downstream migrating fish toward bypasses and sluiceways rather than passing through a hydropower turbine. They do not physically exclude fish from powerhouse intakes but create conditions that discourage fish from entering the intakes.

Question 34

appurtenant facilities

Answer 34

the non-integral components or aspects of a hydropower facility such as substations and transmission lines.

Question 35

bathtub spillway

Answer 35

double side-channel spillway

Question 36

bifurcation

Answer 36

division of water flow into two branches such as when one penstock flow is split to drive two water turbines.

Question 37

diadromous

Answer 37

a general category describing fish who spend portions of their life cycle in both fresh water and salt water. These represent both anadromous and catadromous fish.

Question 38

geomorphic

Answer 38

relating to the earth’s surface

Question 39

geomorphological

Answer 39

relating to the form or surface features of the earth

Question 40

geopolitical

Answer 40

relating to international political relations as influenced by geographical factors.

Question 41

Gezhouba Group

Answer 41

China Gezhouba Group Corporation or Energy China

Question 42

global warmin

Answer 42

the gradual long-term increase in the temperature of earth’s surface and atmosphere when gasses from human activities, such as carbon dioxide from the burning fossil fuels, trap heat from solar radiation in the atmosphere (analogous to the greenhouse effect) by reducing reflection of infra-red radiation and heat back out and away from the earth’s atmosphere into outer space

Question 43

global warming emissions from reservoirs

Answer 43

after an area is flooded with a new hydropower reservoir in tropical areas the covered vegetation and soil decompose and release carbon dioxide and methane which contributes to global warming over the lifetime of the reservoir.

Question 44

levelized cost (per unit produced)

Answer 44

is calculated as present value of lifetime costs divided by total lifetime units of energy produced. Used to compare kilowatt hour cost for different types of production such as water power, wind power, solar power, etc.

Question 45

Levelized Cost of Energy

Answer 45

lifetime per-unit cost - the present value of lifetime costs divided by lifetime units produced. Used to compare kilowatt hour cost for different types of power production.

Question 46

levelized tariff

Answer 46

lifetime per-unit tariff - the present value of lifetime tariffs divided by lifetime units subject to various tariff rates.

Question 47

Light-Penetrating Effect

Answer 47

where sunlight penetration into water is increased due to a reduction in suspended sediments or decreased flow velocity.