Hydrolysis & Condensation

Question 1

Carbohydrates are made up of

Answer 1

C, H & O
-> usually in the ratio of Cx(H2O)x

Question 2

Lipids are made up of

Answer 2

C, H & O

Question 3

Proteins are made up of

Answer 3

C, H, O, N & S

Question 4

Nucleic acids are made up of

Answer 4

C, H, O, N & P

Question 5

How is maltose made in a condensation reaction

Answer 5

-> 2 alpha glucose react:
-> the 2 hydroxyl groups react, breaking the current bonds and forming new ones
-> A water molecule is formed when 2 H atoms and an O are removed from the glucose
-> 1,4 glycosidic bond forms, and the new molecule is called maltose

Question 6

Why is it called a 1,4 glycosidic bond

Answer 6

A bond forms between carbon 1 and carbon 4 of the 2 glucose rings

Question 7

What do hydrolysis reactions need

Answer 7

The addition of a water molecule

Question 8

What type of reaction breaks glycosidic bonds

Answer 8

Hydrolysis

Question 9

What are disaccharides

Answer 9

Carbohydrates made up of two monosaccharides

Question 10

What reaction forms disaccharides

Answer 10

Condensation reactions

Question 11

Examples of disaccharides

Answer 11

Sucrose, maltose, lactose

Question 12

How is a polysaccharide formed

Answer 12

A condensation reaction between 2 monosaccharides forms a disaccharides, through the formation of a glycosidic bond & a molecule of water is eliminated
-> if these condensation reactions continue to happen, a long chain (polysaccharide) will form, held together by multiple glycosidic bonds