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hydrology > hydrology 2 > Flashcards

hydrology 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Is the water beneath the ground surface contained in void spaces.

A

GROUNDWATER

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2
Q

is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or unconsolidated materials from which groundwater can be usefully extracted using a water well

A

AQUIFER

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3
Q

is the level at which the groundwater pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure.

A

WATER TABLE

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4
Q

Is a zone within the Earth that restricts the flow of Groundwater from one aquifer to another.

A

AQUITARD

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5
Q

comprise layers of either clay or non-porous rock with low hydraulic conductivity.

A

AQUITARD

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6
Q

an aquifer with the water table as its upper boundary

A

UNCONFINED AQUIFER

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7
Q

aquifer found between two relatively impermeable layers

A

CONFINED AQUIFER

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8
Q

it is a confined aquifer containing groundwater that will flow upward through a well without a need for pumping.

A

Artesian Aquifer/ well

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9
Q

is an excavation or structure created in the ground by digging, driving, boring or drilling to access groundwater in the underground aquifers.

A

WATER WELL

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10
Q

it is a narrow shaft drilled in the ground as part of groundwater site assessment.

A

BOREHOLE

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11
Q

The imaginary surface that everywhere coincides with the piezometric head of the water in the aquifer.

A

PIEZOMETRIC SURFACE

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12
Q

Is the portion of the stream flow that comes from groundwater

A

BASEFLOW

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13
Q

natural or intentional infiltration of surface water into the ground system.

A

GROUNDWATER RECHARGE

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14
Q

is groundwater that has remained in an aquifer for thousands or even millions of years.

A

FOSSIL WATER

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15
Q

Surface waters on rivers

A

RIVER RUNOFF

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16
Q

occurs during high intensity rainfall events

A

Infiltration excess runoff

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17
Q

When rainfall intensity is less than soil infiltration rate, prolonged rainfall will saturate the soil and no more water could be held.

A

SATURATION EXCESS RUNOFF

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18
Q

Point of rise, Rising Point of Inflection, Peak

A

Rising limb

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19
Q

Rising Point of Inflection, Peak, Recession point of Inflection

A

Crest segment

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20
Q

Peak, recession point of inflection, End point of recession

A

Recession limb

21
Q

It is the ascending curved portion of
the hydrograph.

A

Rising limb

22
Q

It shows the increase in discharge
from the catchment area in response
to the rainfall.

A

Rising limb

23
Q

Peak segment is shown by inverted U in
the hydrograph.

A

Crest Segment

24
Q

Highest concentration of runoff

A

Crest segment

25
Q

It is the highest point on the graph
where the discharge is maximum.

A

crest segment

26
Q

The falling limb is the extension of
the graph from the peak flow rate.

A

recession limb

27
Q

represents the withdrawal of water
from the storage built up during the
early phase of hydrograph.

A

recession limb

28
Q

types of hydrograph

A

unit hydrograph
* storm hydrograph
* snyder’s synthetic hydrograph
* annual hydrograph
* monthly hydrograph
* seasonal hydrograph
* flood hydrograph

29
Q

a direct runoff hydrograph that is a result of one unit (one
inch or one cm) of constant intensity uniform rainfall occurring
over the entire watershed.

A

unit hydrograph

30
Q

a way of displaying how the
discharge of a river can
change over time in response
to a rainfall event

A

storm hydrograph

31
Q

it is derived from model and
experience, and it is used to
simulate basin diffusion by
assessing the basin lag based
on a specific method.

A

snyder’s synthetic hydrograph

32
Q

This enables the use of
available data to determine a
watershed’s response to
rainfall throughout the year,

and thereby compute a year-
round EIA

A

annual hydrograph

33
Q

It represents the variation of
rainfall over a month.

A

Monthly hydrograph

34
Q

It shows the variation of
discharge in a season.

A

seasonal hydrograph

35
Q

are graphs
that show how a drainage
basin responds to a period of
rainfall.

A

flood hydrograph

36
Q

There are four ways that rainfall contributes to river
runoff:

A

Overland surface runoff
* interflow (subsurface runoff)
* baseflow from groundwater
* rainfall onto river channel

37
Q

is the flow of water occurring
on the ground surface when excess rainwater, stormwater,
meltwater, or other sources, can no longer sufficiently
rapidly infiltrate in the soil.

A

Overland surface runoff

38
Q

is relatively rapid
flow toward the stream channel that occurs below the
surface. It occurs more rapidly than baseflow, but
typically more slowly than surface runoff.

A

interflow

39
Q

is the portion of the
streamflow that is sustained between precipitation
events, fed to streams by delayed pathways. It should
not be confused with groundwater flow.

A

baseflow from groundwater

40
Q

Channel precipitation can be
defined as rainfall and throughfall intercepted by
the flowing stream channel and waterbodies, that
without contribution to infiltration, subsurface flow,
and ground water, incorporated into stream flow

A

rainfall into channel

41
Q

Overland surface runoff and interflow travel
much faster than groundwater, hence they are combined into a
term

A

Direct runoff

42
Q

-A SURFACE water flow that occurs as a result of rainfall.

A

Flow event

43
Q

-the inflows to any water system or area is equal to its outflows plus
change in storage during a time interval.

A

water balance calculation

44
Q

-A portion of the precipitation seeps into the ground to replenish
Earth’s groundwater.

A

rainfall runoff

45
Q

-drawn to represent the characteristic time graph of decreasing
total runoff

A

recession curve

46
Q

-the volume of fluid which passes per unit time

A

total flow volume

47
Q

-Water that flows over the ground surface directly into streams,
rivers, or lakes

A

direct runoff

48
Q

portion of streamflow that is not directly generated from the
excess rainfall during a storm event.

A

baseflow

49
Q

is the part of the total
rainfall that contributes to direct runoff.

A

effective rainfall

hydrology (3 decks)

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