Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

gel 001 > hydrologic cycle, groundwater, rivers > Flashcards

hydrologic cycle, groundwater, rivers Flashcards

1
Q

Agricultural Water Use

A

Water mainly used for irrigation in farming.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Alluvial Fans

A

Develop where high-gradient streams exit narrow valleys.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Alluvium

A

Material deposited in river valleys.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Aquifers

A

Units capable of yielding significant water quantities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Aquitards

A

Geological units that hinder groundwater movement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Artesian Well

A

Well where groundwater rises under pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Artificial Recharge

A

Methods to enhance groundwater recharge artificially.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bioremediation

A

Using bacteria to clean contaminated groundwater.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Capacity

A

Maximum load a stream can carry.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Capillary Fringe

A

Zone where water rises through capillary action.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Channel Modifications

A

Alterations that can cause downstream flooding.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Collection System

A

Mainly erosion occurring in stream headwaters.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Competence

A

Maximum particle size a stream can transport.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Condensation

A

Process where water vapor cools and forms liquid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cone of Depression

A

Lowering of water table around a pumped well.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Confined Aquifer

A

Aquifer trapped between impermeable layers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Contaminant Plume

A

Concentration of pollutants spreading from a source.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Continental Divide

A

Geographical boundary separating water flow to oceans.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Crest

A

Maximum stage reached during a flood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Deltas

A

Form where streams enter oceans or lakes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Deposition

A

Process where sediments settle out of water flow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Desalination

A

Process of removing salt from seawater.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Discharge Formula

A

Q = cross-sectional area (WxD) x velocity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Distribution System

A

Effective disposal of materials carried by stream.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Drainage Basin
Land area supplying water to a specific stream.
26
Drainage Divide
Boundary separating different drainage basins.
27
Ephemeral Streams
Streams that flow only during certain seasons or events.
28
Erosion
Process of soil and rock being removed by water flow.
29
Erosional Features
Includes pot holes and cutbanks.
30
Evaporation
Process where water transforms from liquid to vapor.
31
Flood Causes
Result from natural and human-induced factors.
32
Flood Stage
Stream level exceeds bank height.
33
Flooding
Overflow of water onto normally dry land, causing hazards.
34
Floodplain Deposits
Sediments deposited during flooding events.
35
Flowing Artesian Well
Pressure surface above ground level.
36
Fresh Water
Limited water resource primarily found in ice and groundwater.
37
Geysers
Intermittent hot springs that erupt with force.
38
Gravity
Driving force behind stream flow.
39
Groundwater
Water within the pores of soil and rock.
40
Groundwater Depletion
Withdrawal rate exceeds natural replenishment rate.
41
Groundwater Flow
Movement of groundwater influenced by pressure gradients.
42
Groundwater Overabundance
Excess groundwater leading to slope failures.
43
Groundwater Pollution
Introduction of harmful substances into groundwater.
44
Groundwater Recharge
Process of replenishing groundwater supplies.
45
Groundwater Withdrawal
Extraction of groundwater for various uses.
46
Hard Water
Water with high calcium and magnesium content.
47
Hot Springs
Water 6-9°C warmer than local air temperature.
48
Hydraulic Head
Potential energy of groundwater in an aquifer.
49
Hydrologic Cycle
Circulation of Earth's water supply through various processes.
50
Industrial Water Use
Water primarily consumed by manufacturing processes.
51
Infiltration
Process of water entering the soil from the surface.
52
Infiltration Capacity
Soil's ability to absorb water, influenced by conditions.
53
Karst Aquifers
Aquifers formed by acidic groundwater dissolving rock.
54
Monitoring Floods
Forecasting and estimating peak discharge.
55
Natural Levees
Formed by successive floods along stream channels.
56
Nonflowing Artesian Well
Pressure surface below ground level.
57
Overland Flow
Water flow over land surface influenced by various factors.
58
Pavement Impact
Reduces water infiltration into groundwater systems.
59
Perched Water Table
Groundwater trapped above a discontinuous aquitard.
60
Percolation
Movement of water through soil layers to groundwater.
61
Permanent Streams
Streams that flow continuously throughout the year.
62
Permeable Aquifers
Aquifers allowing easy water flow and contamination.
63
Porosity
Percentage of rock volume that consists of pore spaces.
64
Porosity Formula
Porosity = (voids / total volume) x 100%.
65
Precipitation
Water released from clouds as rain, snow, etc.
66
Recharge Basins
Constructed areas for groundwater replenishment.
67
Recycling Water
Reusing water to reduce demand and waste.
68
Response to Flood Hazard
Includes structural and nonstructural approaches.
69
Retention Pond
Used for flood control and water management.
70
Runoff
Water that flows over land into streams and rivers.
71
Saltwater Intrusion
Contamination of freshwater by seawater in wells.
72
Sediment Deposition
Occurs when stream velocity decreases.
73
Sheet Wash
Thin layer of water flowing over land, causing erosion.
74
Sinkholes
Depressions formed by the collapse of ground.
75
Soil Texture
Composition of soil affecting water retention and flow.
76
Solar-Powered Distillation
Energy-efficient method for desalinating water.
77
Springs
Natural discharge points where groundwater flows to surface.
78
Stream Discharge (Q)
Volume of water passing a point over time.
79
Stream Erosion
Lifting particles through abrasion and dissolution.
80
Stream Hazards
Includes erosion and flooding risks.
81
Stream Load
Material transported by the stream.
82
Stream Velocity
Speed of water flow affecting work done.
83
Stream Work
Energy used for erosion, transportation, and deposition.
84
Subsidence
Land surface sinking due to groundwater withdrawal.
85
Surface Water Infiltration
Process of surface water entering groundwater.
86
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
Sum of dissolved solid chemicals in water.
87
Transpiration
Release of water vapor from plants into the atmosphere.
88
Transportation
Movement of sediments by running water in streams.
89
Transportation System
Effective transport of materials within the stream.
90
Types of Load
Includes dissolved, suspended, and bed load.
91
Types of Pore Spaces
Includes spaces between grains, fractures, vesicles.
92
Unconfined Aquifer
Aquifer with no overlying impermeable layer.
93
Unsaturated Zone
Region above the water table with air-filled pores.
94
Vegetative Cover
Plants covering soil, impacting water infiltration and erosion.
95
Water Conservation
Practices to reduce water use and waste.
96
Water Management Strategies
Approaches to optimize water use and supply.
97
Water Quality
Assessment of water's chemical and physical characteristics.
98
Water Scarcity
Annual water supply below 1000 m³ per capita.
99
Water Stress
Annual water supply between 1000 m³ to 2000 m³.
100
Water Table
Boundary between saturated and unsaturated zones.
101
Zone of Saturation
Area where all pore spaces are filled with water.

gel 001 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions