Hydrographs, Flooding, River Management, Coasts intro

Question 1

1.Give four causes of the Boscastle flooding

Answer 1

• High tide.
• Steep valley sides (∵overland flow of impermeable surfaces ∴surface runoff)
• Ground saturated due to storms in the days before
• Confluence of the River Valency and River Jordan.

Question 2

2.Give two effects of the Boscastle flooding

Answer 2

• Roads blocked.
• Property destroyed.
• Emergency accommodation needed.
• Vehicles carried out to sea.
• Insurance costs increased for homeowners
• Tourism industry seriously affected.

Question 3

3.What other example of river flooding did you study?

Answer 3

Somerset Levels in 2014

Question 4

4.Give four causes of this flooding (from Q3)

Answer 4

• Flat landscape.
• Land only 8m above sea level.
• Lots of rainfall in the days before∴ground was saturated.
• no dredging.

Question 5

5.Name 3 hard engineering river management strategies

Answer 5

• Embankments.
• Channelisation.
• Dams.

Question 6

6.Name 3 soft engineering river management strategies

Answer 6

• Washlands.
• Land use zoning.
• Afforestation.

Question 7

7.The size and energy of a wave depends upon 3 factors. What are they?

Answer 7

• The fetch (how far the wave has travelled).
• The strength of wind.
• The length of time the wind has been blowing for.

Question 8

8.What is it called when water washes up the beach?

Answer 8

Swash.

Question 9

9.What is it called when water washes back down the beach?

Answer 9

Backwash.

Question 10

10.What is a concordant coastline?

Answer 10

Where the geology is parallel to the coastline. It has one type of rock.

Question 11

11.What is a discordant coastline?

Answer 11

Where the geology is at 90 degrees to the coastline. It has different types of rock.

Question 12

12.What is unconsolidated rock?

Answer 12

Rock that is only loosely compacted and that is not properly glued.