hydrocarbons Flashcards
what is crude oil
a mixture of many hydrocarbons
what is a hydrocarbon
chemicals which are made up of only carbons and hydrogen atoms. the carbons atoms are joined into chains of different lengths. the hydrogen atoms come off the carbon atoms
how is crude oil separated
has to be separated by heat to get out all the different fractions out of it
what is crude oil separated into
into fractions, separated by boiling point the smallest carbon chains boil at lower temperatures and longest carbon chains boil at higher temperatures. this is done in an oil refinery
what is an alkane
it only contains hydrogen and carbon atoms and no double bonds. it is saturated
what is an alkene
it only contains hydrogen and carbon atoms but has a double covalent bond. it is unsaturated.
what is the difference between saturated and unsaturated
saturated hydrocarbons are those with single bonds only whereas unstaturated hydrocarbons are those that contain carbon-to-carbon multiple bonds
different types of formula
general
molecular
displayed
structural
skeletal
what is a general formula
the simplest algebraic formula of a member of the homologous series
what is a displayed formula
a formula showing the relative positioning of all the atoms in a molecule and the bonds between them
what is a structural formula
a formula showing the minimal detail for the arrangement of atoms in a molecule
what is a skeletal formula
a simplified organic formula with hydrogen atoms removed from alkyl chains, leaving just a carbon skeleton and associated functional groups
what is a molecular formula
the number of atoms of each element in a molecule
Methane
CH4
Propane
C3H8 or CH3CH2CH3
