fractional distillation

Question 1

crude oil

Answer 1

currently worlds main source of organic chemicals. it contians small amounts of other compounds that may contain sulfur which produces sulphur dioxide when burnt

Question 2

why does crude oil need to be separated

Answer 2

it isnt useful as a mixture. different hydrocarbons make up the mixture

Question 3

how is crude oil separated

Answer 3

fractional distillation

Question 4

what does each fraction contain

Answer 4

different applications of mostly alkanes (only single bonds) the mixture is separated into fractions based on boiling points. each fractions consists of similiar chain length hydrocarbons and similiar boiling points

Question 5

what determines what fraction the hydrocarbon separates into

Answer 5

the size and length of each hydrocarbon molecule and the size of each molecule relates to how many hydrogen and carbon atoms the molecule contain

Question 6

where is fractional distillation carried out

Answer 6

in a fractionating column with a temperature gradient - hot at the bottom cool at the top

Question 7

describe the process of fractional distillation

Answer 7

crude oil enter the fractionating column and is heated so vapours rise. high boiling points condense in high temperatures at the bottom of the column and low boiling point rise up the column and condense. when it condenses it taps off as liquids. smaller hydrocarbons are collected at the top of the fractionating column as gases. fractions containing bigger hydrocarbons are collected at lower sections of the fractionating column.